Performance Report on Environment Canada's 2011–2012 Departmental Sustainable Development Strategy

1.1.4 Develop and provide information and reports on atmospheric science assessments related to climate change (EC).

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Program 2.1: Weather and Environmental Services for Canadians

New climate change simulations and projections for Canada and for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report, scheduled for release in 2014, have been completed using the Canadian global climate model.

A new regional climate model is being used to downscale global climate change projections for the North American, Arctic and African domains, and serves as a contribution to an international regional downscaling intercomparison project. Environment Canada (EC) has completed its model runs for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project - Phase 5 (CMIP5).

Updated climatic design information has been developed in cooperation with the Canadian Standards Association for the development of new codes and standards for Canadian infrastructure.

Greenhouse gas and aerosols monitoring and modelling continued to better characterize and quantify sources and sinks at the regional scale across Canada. Surface- and satellite-based observations of CO₂ were combined in a study that represents the first steps towards combining data sets to improve our understanding of CO₂ sources and sinks in Canadian regions. Process and modelling studies on deforestation and afforestation have generated new information on how land-use change affects climate. EC has collaborated with Statistics Canada and Natural Resources Canada in the publication of a series of climate change indicators for Canada.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Atmospheric Research, Monitoring and Modelling and Climate Change Prediction and Scenarios for related performance information.

1.1.5 Undertake and deliver scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits, and technology assessments. (EC, HC, NRCan, TC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Meet annual international reporting obligations for the UNFCCC.

Meet annual domestic reporting obligations under CEPA 1999.

Provision of GHG science (monitoring and modeling) to establish the knowledge base necessary for the development, implementation and evaluation of emission targets, regulations and compliance mechanisms.

The National Inventory Report (NIR) was submitted to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNFCCC on April 12, 2012.

The Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting Program data were published on April 12, 2012.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Data Collection and Reporting for GHGs for related performance information.

1.1.6 Develop climate change strategies harmonized with United States as part of Canada's commitment to meet Target 1.1. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

This implementation strategy will be implemented through regulatory development to address GHG emissions on a sector-by-sector basis, aligned with the United States as appropriate. The transportation sector is the first targeted sector for alignment with the United States' approach.

This contributes to achieving Target 1.1: Climate Change Mitigation - Relative to 2005 emission levels, reduce Canada's total greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) 17% by 2020 by ensuring that Canada's target and approach are aligned with the U.S. as appropriate.

Climate change strategies that are to be harmonized with the United States also include those aimed at advancing clean energy and clean technologies. This includes Canada's activities under the United States-Canada Clean Energy Dialogue (CED) and activities under the Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program, which involves joint clean technology verification initiatives with the United States.

Implementation of the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck GHG Emissions Regulations beginning with the 2011 model year.

Development of GHG regulations to reduce emissions from heavy-duty vehicles, aligned with the United States.

Finalization of regulations to reduce GHG emissions from the coal-fired thermal electricity sector. Work is also underway to extend GHG regulatory approaches to all major emitting sectors. (Work is also underway to develop an approach to limit GHG emissions from other industrial sources to align with forthcoming GHG regulations under the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA).

GHG emissions standards are being implemented for new cars and light trucks (2011-2016 model years) and are harmonized with United States national standards. EC has been working with the United States Environmental Protection Agency to develop more stringent standards for the 2017-2025 model years. A consultation document on the development of these regulations was released on November 16, 2011.

Proposed GHG regulations for heavy-duty vehicles were published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on April 14, 2012. The regulations will align Canadian standards with those of the United States.

Draft regulations to reduce carbon dioxide from coal-fired electricity generation were published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in August 2011. The final regulations are targeted for publication in the Canada Gazette, Part II (summer 2012).²

See also Clean Air Agenda Program Electricity Regulations, Transportation Regulations, Oil and Gas Regulations, Emissions-Intensive Trade-Exposed (EITE) Regulations and Greenhouse Gas Policy for related performance information.

1.1.7 Develop and implement a single window reporting initiative for national emissions reporting. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Under the Clean Air Regulatory Agenda, the government committed to developing a single, harmonized system for the regulatory reporting of all air emissions and related information. The Single Window (SW) reporting initiative is one component of the single harmonized system, which sets the stage for a forum to pursue harmonization of reporting methodologies, thereby improving confidence and credibility with results.

On March 15, 2010, Environment Canada (EC) launched the Single Window Reporting (SWR) system to support integrated data collection starting with GHG emissions. The SWR system also collects Alberta GHG information (Alberta's Specified Gas Reporting Regulation), which was previously collected through Statistics Canada.

The Single Window Reporting (SWR) initiative is one component of the single harmonized system that sets the stage for a forum to pursue harmonization of reporting methodologies, thereby improving confidence and credibility with results associated with the targeted reduction of Canada's total GHG emissions.

Over the past year, we have worked closely with both Saskatchewan and Newfoundland regarding their interest in collecting GHG data through EC's Single Window. We have also continued to work closely and collaboratively with our existing provincial partners in Alberta, British Columbia and Ontario.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Cross-cutting Data Collection and Reporting for related performance information.

1.1.8 Develop renewable fuels regulations to mandate a 5% renewable fuel content in gasoline. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

In 2010, the Renewable Fuels Regulations, which require a 5% renewable content based on the gasoline pool, were published. In 2011-2012, EC will develop an amendment requiring a 2% renewable content minimum in diesel fuel and heating oil.

The Renewable Fuels Regulations, along with provincial regulations, are expected to reduce GHG emissions by about 4 megatonnes per year, the equivalent of removing 1 million vehicles from the road. Visit this website for more information.

1.1.9 Develop greenhouse gas (GHG) emission regulations for new cars and light trucks beginning with the 2011 model year. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

In 2010, EC published the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations for new passenger cars and light trucks for the 2011-2016 model years, aligned with United States regulations. Visit this website for more information.

As cars and light trucks account for about 12% of Canada's total GHG emissions, this will help Canada reach the 2020 emissions target.

EC completed the initial development of a compliance reporting system, the Vehicle and Engine Emissions Reporting Registry (VEERR) to enable the auto sector to submit compliance reports as required by the Passenger Automobile and Light Truck Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations for the 2011-2016 model years.

Vehicle manufacturers provided EC with their end-of-model-year report for 2011 in May of 2012. Compliance testing and verification will begin in 2012.

1.1.10 Develop regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to address greenhouse gas emissions from heavy-duty vehicles, aligned with the United States but taking into consideration the distinct nature of the Canadian fleet. The draft regulations are expected to be available for consultation in the Fall of 2010. (EC, TC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

These proposed regulations will target the 2014 and later model-year new on-road heavy-duty vehicles and will align with United States standards. An initial consultation document was released in October 2010. Visit this website for more information.

As heavy-duty vehicles account for 44 Mt (6%) of GHG emissions in Canada in 2005, this will contribute to reaching the 2020 emissions target.

Proposed GHG regulations for heavy-duty vehicles were published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, on April 14, 2012.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Transportation Regulations for related performance information.

1.1.11 Develop a performance standard for high-emitting coal-fired thermal electricity generation to transition to low- or non-emitting generation such as renewable energy, high-efficiency natural gas, or thermal power with CCS. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Draft regulations were published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, to limit GHG emissions from coal-fired electricity-generating units in August 2011. Final publication is expected in summer of 2012-2013.³

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Electricity Regulations for related performance information.

1.1.12 Continue to work with the provinces and territories to develop coherent greenhouse gases approaches. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

The activity will be implemented through continued bilateral and multilateral engagement with provincial and territorial representatives, including through the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group on Domestic Climate Change.

This contributes to achieving Target 1.1: Climate Change Mitigation by facilitating coordination and cooperation with the provinces and territories in order to develop coherent approaches addressing greenhouse gas emissions.

Federal-Provincial-Territorial Working Group progress on Domestic Climate Change: 2 to 3 meetings to be held in 2011-2012.

Development of additional agreements in principle (AIPs) on climate change cooperation with interested provinces.

Signing of 3 Memoranda of Agreement with provinces for data sharing.

Continued work under the Canada-Quebec working group on matters related to climate change.

As part of the GHG regulatory development process, there was ongoing engagement with the provinces and territories through the existing federal-provincial-territorial Working Group on Domestic Climate Change. In addition, a Director-General-level federal-provincial-territorial working group was created in November 2011 to discuss sector-specific GHG regulatory development. Meetings have been held on an approximately monthly basis (there were 9 meetings between November 2011 and June 2012). Also, a Deputy-Minister-level federal-provincial-territorial consultative steering committee was created in 2012 to engage with provinces and territories on GHG regulatory development. The steering committee held its first meeting in February 2012.

To further the goal of limiting regulatory duplication with provinces, the Government of Canada is working with the provinces, including Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia, to potentially develop equivalency agreements with respect to the proposed regulations to limit GHG emissions from coal-fired electricity generation. The agreements are targeted for publication in the Canada Gazette, Part I, directly after the regulations are finalized. Under an equivalency agreement, the federal regulation does not apply in a jurisdiction that has a regime equivalent to the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 regulations.

Three memoranda of agreement for data sharing were developed and are currently being finalized with Manitoba, British Columbia and Ontario.

The federal government is continuing to engage with Quebec with respect to GHG regulatory development, in part through the federal-provincial-territorial mechanisms referred to above.

EC and provincial ministries established a new federal-provincial working group on mobile source emissions.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Greenhouse Gas Policy for related performance information.

1.1.14 Work within the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to support the development of international energy efficiency / GHG standards for marine vessels (TC, EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

EC will work with Transport Canada and the IMO to develop GHG emissions standards for international shipping. These standards will also include options for the use of both technical and market-based mechanisms in order to meet reduction targets. Visit this website for more information.

As marine transportation accounted for 6 Mt (0.8%) of GHG emissions in Canada in 2005, this will help reach the 2020 emissions target.

1.1.18 Continue to support a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Railway Association of Canada that ensures the rail industry continues to improve its GHG emissions performance during the period 2006-2010. (EC, TC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

1.1.20 Develop climate change strategies aligned with the United States including working collaboratively through the Canada-U.S. Clean Energy Dialogue to advance clean energy priorities. (EC, NRCan)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Canada made substantial progress by completing all 20 action plan commitments of Phase I of the Clean Energy Dialogue (CED) by 2012, except for one commitment that remains incomplete because of priority changes in the United States. In addition, Canada worked with the United States to develop a new action plan for Phase II (released in June 2012) to strengthen bilateral collaboration on clean energy technologies and seeks solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Engagement and Alignment with U.S. (CED) for related performance information.

1.1.33 Develop and provide information and reports on the environmental footprint of energy technologies. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Satisfaction of government decision-makers with the timeliness, credibility and relevance of technology advice and assessment as measured through user group evaluation questionnaires and consultations. Performance Measurement Framework (PMF) target: 80% by 2014.

Annual reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide equivalents) resulting from environmental technologies supported through programs to which EC contributes advice and oversight. This includes Sustainable Development Technology Canada (SDTC), the Canadian Environmental Technology Advancement Centres (CETACs), the Green Municipal Fund (GMF), and ETV. PMF Target: 12.5 Mt by 2015.

In 2011-2012, EC continued to provide analysis and assessment of the environmental performance of technologies. Several technology assessments are underway, but none were delivered in 2011-2012, so user satisfaction has not yet been formally evaluated. The Performance Measurement Framework (PMF) target is 80% by 2014.

In 2011, total annual emissions reductions of GHGs reported by SDTC and the Canadian Environmental Technology Advancement Centres (CETACs) were 1.32 Mt.

The CETACs also reported reductions of emissions of criteria air contaminants (CACs) of 2,142 t. These are annual reductions for 2011, based on approximately 100 projects across the three CETACs. SDTC reported CAC emissions reductions of 7,549 t, which is a projected cumulative total by 2015. Work is continuing to align data collection methods to enable consistent reporting from SDTC and the CETACs.

1.1.35.2 Programs focused on supplying financial aid and developing capacity to reduce GHGs and air pollutants through adoption of emission-reducing technologies and practices: Implement national Vehicle Scrappage Program to encourage Canadians to retire their old high-polluting vehicles (models 1995 or earlier) and to choose more sustainable transportation options (EC).

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

The Vehicle Scrappage Program offers rewards--such as free transit passes, car-sharing memberships, $300 cash and rebates on the purchase of cleaner vehicles--to Canadians who retire their older, highly polluting personal vehicles. The program is mainly delivered though Summerhill Impact, a not-for-profit organization with a network of local agents that deliver the program in each province and develop partnerships with incentive providers, vehicle recyclers, and call centres. For further information, please visit EC's website.

The program also directly contributes to the achievement of Target 2.1: Air Pollutants.

The National Vehicle Scrappage Program, also known as Retire Your Ride, stopped accepting new participants on March 31, 2011. About 140,000 old high-polluting vehicles of the 1995 model year and earlier were removed from Canadian roads over the life of the program, leading to a reduction 5,000 tonnes of smog-forming emissions.

To help support the widespread implementation of good vehicle-recycling practices, as presented in the code of practice developed for the program, a national forum with participation from industry, stakeholders and provincial and territorial governments on the future of vehicle recycling in Canada was held in November 2011. Since then, a task group was created by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment to consider control measures to support the application of the code of practice industry-wide.

The program also supported the design and organization of a website to promote good environmental practices and the dissemination of information to industry and stakeholders. The website, which is now supported by industry, offers an updated version of the code of practice.

The program wind-down was completed without major incident and final reports were submitted to EC. EC submitted its final report on the program exit strategy to the Treasury Board Secretariat. The third-party program evaluation was posted on the EC website.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Vehicle Scrappage for related performance information.

1.1.43 Work with international partners to implement the commitments in the Copenhagen Accord such as mitigation targets and actions; short and long-term financing; mechanisms for technology and reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation; adaptation actions; and provisions for transparency and accountability of climate change actions. (EC, NRCan)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 2.1: Weather and Environmental Services for Canadians

Canada will continue to work constructively with international partners through the UNFCCC process and related international fora to implement the Copenhagen Accord and the Cancun Agreement and to complete the negotiations under the UNFCCC for a legally binding post-2012 agreement that is based on the Accord and is fair, effective and comprehensive.

Key areas for further work includes developing a new system for measuring, reporting and verifying global greenhouse gas emissions, establishing a global adaptation framework, a new technology mechanism and a new global fund to mobilize both public- and private-sector funds for climate finance.

As part of our commitment to provide our fair share of fast-start financing under the Accord, Canada will, subject to approval, contribute new and additional climate change financing for the 2011-2012 fiscal year. This financing will go towards supporting developing countries' efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the adverse impacts of climate change, with a focus on three priority areas: adaptation, clean energy, and forests and agriculture.

Canada is fulfilling its commitment to provide its share of fast-start financing (in line with the standard 4% contribution by Canada to international development finance), namely $1.2 billion in new and additional climate change financing during the fast-start financing period (fiscal years 2010-2011, 2011-2012 and 2012-2013). Of this amount, over $1 billion has already been committed to programs that will support developing countries efforts to address and adapt to climate change. So far, $400 million was issued to delivery partners in fiscal year 2010-2011 and over $394 million in fiscal year 2011-2012. During 2012-2013, Canada will continue to work with its international partners to disburse the remaining funds during the final year of fast-start financing

EC's role in fulfilling the fast-start commitment is critical. Not only does the Minister of the Environment lead the government's work in identifying projects to be supported, but EC itself delivers programming in line with its mandate.

In 2011-2012, EC provided a total of $3.55 million through 6 agreements in support of the implementation of the government's commitment to financing for developing countries under the Copenhagen Accord for

• the mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) through bilateral channels and multilateral organizations representing Latin America and African countries

• adaptation of public infrastructure in Honduras

• capacity building delivered through the UNFCCC Secretariat for GHG measurement and adaptation planning in developing countries, including the most vulnerable

The implementation of these projects will continue in fiscal year 2012-2013. Canada has produced transparent reporting on the delivery of financing in support of the Copenhagen Accord, which can be found on Canada's Action on Climate Change website.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program International Climate Change Participation / Negotiations for related performance information.

1.1.46 Support the development of recommendations on possible actions to mitigate short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs) including black carbon emissions through participation on the Arctic Council Task Force on Black Carbon, and the UN ECE - Long Range Transboundary Air Pollutants (LRTAP) Ad Hoc Expert Group on Black Carbon. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

The activity will be implemented through Canadian participation in the February 2011 meeting of the Arctic Council Task Force on Short-Lived Climate Forcers to finalize the Task Force Report, and through the provision of input on recommendations on possible actions to mitigate SLCFs, and any additional required input on black carbon emissions in Canada. As a result of the work of the LRTAP Ad Hoc Expert Group, black carbon is to be added to the air pollutants addressed under the Gothenburg Protocol to LRTAP Convention.

See the Arctic Council website and the website of the Ad Hoc Expert Group on Black Carbon for more information.

Though SLCFs are not GHGs, this activity contributes indirectly to Target 1.1: Climate Change Mitigation - reduce Canada's national GHG reduction target 17% below 2005 levels by 2020 by contributing to the development of strategies to address climate change.

The Arctic Council Taskforce on Short-Lived Climate Forcers (SLCFs), in which Canada actively participates, published a summary of recommendations for policy-makers, as well as a technical report on possible actions to mitigate black carbon emissions in spring 2011. These were presented to, and endorsed by the Arctic Council Ministers in May 2011. Countries have been urged to implement the measures immediately.

Canada constructively participated in negotiations to revise the Gothenburg Protocol under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution to include black carbon as a component of particulate matter. The revised Protocol was finalized and adopted on May 4, 2012. It is the first international treaty to include black carbon.

Under this program, work was also undertaken to support Canada's participation in the new Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (SLCPs) launched in February 2012, of which Canada was a founding member.

A domestic strategy on SLCPs is being developed. The first phase assesses the current state of SLCPs mitigation in Canada and potential barriers to it, and opportunities for further action.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Greenhouse Gas Policy for related performance information.

1.1.47 Lead Government of Canada participation in international negotiations on climate change, maintain National Registry and coordinate payment of the International Transaction Log dues. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

EC's secretariat managed the whole-of-government approach, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and Major Economies Forum (MEF), and supported senior officials at the G8,G20, and Climate Change Air Coalition to Reduce Short-Lived Climate Pollutants (CCAC). This approach resulted in Canada's successful influencing of the international climate change negotiation outcomes on a number of key decisions that were consistent with Canada's objectives:

• Establishment of the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action - a process to produce a single new comprehensive climate change agreement that will include commitments for all major emitters

• Agreement to launch the Green Climate Fund

• Establishment of the Adaptation Committee

• Agreement to strengthen rules on transparency and accountability

• Agreement to establish a program of work on agriculture

1.1.48.4 Develop and submit a complete and compliant annual national GHG Inventory Report and Common Reporting Format tables to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Secretariat by April 15 to meet UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol reporting requirements maintain National Registry and coordinate payment of the International Transaction Log dues. (EC, NRCan)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

A rigorous mandatory reporting of GHG emissions and related information is essential to meet international reporting obligations (UNFCCC and Kyoto), to inform development of realistic and enforceable industrial GHG emission regulations, and to ensure that reduction targets are met.

Activities included are the development and maintenance of the National System and National Inventory Report, the development and maintenance of the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program as one component of the Single Window reporting system, the development of IPCC quantification methodologies, ISO verification standards, participation of experts in UNFCCC reviews, preparation of a GHG Trends Report, preparation of the GHG Indicator for CESI, and provision of support to domestic program groups involved in regulatory development to support the Regulatory Framework for Air Emissions.

As a member of the UNFCCC, Canada must contribute to the International Transaction Log (ITL), which is the mechanism through which all member countries record their carbon credits. Canada's National Registry links with the ITL and is used to submit Canada's carbon credit status each year.

The NIR provides a primary source for tracking of progress toward FSDS Target 1.1.

1.1.49.2 Support Canada's participation in multilateral organizations outside the United Nations, such as Methane to Markets and Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

In 2011-2012, Canada participated in the Global Methane Initiative by (1) investing in small public-private methane reduction feasibility studies; and (2) providing medium- to long-term direction and leadership through participation in the partnership's management committees.

Canada has also been working in partnership with the United States Environmental Protection Agency to host the Global Methane Initiative Partnership Expo 2013. The event will take place in Vancouver on March 12-15, 2013.

1.1.50 Asia-Pacific Partnership: Manage Canadian Asia Pacific Partnership-funded projects that promote the development, diffusion and deployment of clean technologies. (EC, NRCan, IC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Canada's participation in the Asia-Pacific Partnership (APP) on Clean Development and Climate delivered three major outcomes:

1. Delivery of global environmental benefits
   The funded demonstration projects generated sustainable global environmental benefits, including GHG and criteria air contaminant (CAC) emissions reductions over the long term, and/or enhanced capacity of recipient countries to mitigate emissions through the transfer of clean technologies.

2. Delivery of economic benefits to Canadians
   Canada's participation fostered the development of the Canadian clean technology sector by opening additional markets for Canadian technologies and by developing new trading partnerships with other APP partners.

3. Acceleration of Clean Technology Research
   Canada invested in joint development and knowledge-sharing initiatives, which contributed to the acceleration of clean technology uptake in Canada and abroad.

For a description and results of each project, please see this website.

1.1.51.1 Work within International Civil Aviation Organization to continue to advance emissions limitations and reductions from international aviation, including the implementation of the ICAO Programme of Action on International Aviation and Climate Change, while maintaining a high level of safety. (TC, EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

EC provides support to Transport Canada as it formulates Canada's position and participation at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

As aviation accounted for 8 Mt (1.1%) of GHG emissions in Canada in 2005, this will contribute to reaching the 2020 emissions target.

2.1.1 National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) tracking through the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999). (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) information will be collected from industrial and other facilities on releases, disposals and transfers for recycling of pollutants of concern by June 1.

This information will be used to support the development and status reporting for FSDS indicators on releases of substances of concern. In particular, NPRI data will be used in the development and tracking of any emissions targets developed in consultations with provinces and territories.

NPRI information will be collected by June 1 and will be published based on the timelines shown below.

Preliminary facility-reported information will be published on the NPRI website within 2 months of June 1.

Reviewed (quality-controlled) facility-reported information will be published within 6 months of June 1 (December).

Comprehensive emissions data (which include facility-reported data and additional area source calculations) will be published within 10 months of June 1 (April).

Drawn from existing Performance Measurement Framework (PMF) indicator:

Percentage of facilities that report emissions to the National Pollutant Release Inventory and that provide fully compliant reports in their initial response within mandated time frames.

The preliminary facility-reported data were published on September 29, 2012.

The reviewed facility-reported data were published on March 28, 2012.

The comprehensive emissions data were published on February 15, 2012.

Extensions to the reporting deadline were granted to facilities up until end of August 2011 due to technical difficulties encountered with the on-line reporting system. This resulted in delays for releasing data.A total of 96.5% of facilities reported emissions to the National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) and provided compliant reports in their initial responses within mandated time frames.

2.1.2 Undertake scientific research and reporting in support of regulatory and other programs delivered, including data analysis, inventory development, monitoring, modeling and assessment of the effectiveness of efforts as well as research on options, costs and benefits including economic and social and technology assessments. (EC, NRCan, HC, TC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Comprehensive air emissions data on sources of key air pollutants in Canada will be published as part of the NPRI by April. Furthermore, data inputs for air quality models will be prepared to support research on options, costs and benefits, including economic, social and technology assessments. This information will be used by decision-makers to develop targets for regulatory action on air pollution.

This information will be used to support the development and status reporting for FSDS indicators on releases of substances of concern.

Timely, authoritative atmospheric science, science advice and assessment, including science, advice and assessment of the effectiveness of measures aimed at addressing air pollution, is delivered to support federal air pollutant regulatory decision making and program delivery.

Publication of comprehensive air emissions data on sources of key air pollutants in Canada, as part of NPRI, by April 2011.

Satisfaction of government decision-makers with the timeliness, credibility and relevance of technology advice and assessment as measured through user group evaluation questionnaires and consultations. PMF Target: 80% by 2014.

Comprehensive air emissions data were published on November 28, 2011. Delays for releasing data were due to technical system difficulties in June 2011.

EC researchers were part of the team of international scientists who provided the first scientific observations that chemical ozone loss over the Arctic in spring 2011 far exceeded any previously observed, resulting in below-normal ozone levels in the upper atmosphere in the summer of 2011 and higher UV levels.

Scientific testing was undertaken in collaboration with the United States Environmental Protection Agency to inform the development and verification of a computer model for the development of new GHG regulations for on-road heavy-duty vehicles.

Air quality national monitoring data, analyses, maps and modelling expertise contributed to the setting of the 2015 interim threshold levels and the 2020 Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards for ozone and PM_2.5 in support of the Air Quality Management System.

The Department developed standard methodology to be used by industry to quantify fine particulate matter emitted from a variety of stationary sources. This sampling methodology is being considered to form part of the Base-level Industrial Emissions Requirements (BLIERs).

Continued measurements on Canada's west coast have improved our understanding of the effect on regional air quality of trans-Pacific transport of pollutants from Asia, Europe and elsewhere, specifically in the springtime. Results also show the important influence of North American forest fires during the summer. The information from these measurements is informing air quality and climate models to increase their predictive capacity.

In February 2012, the Government of Canada and the Government of Alberta announced the Joint Canada-Alberta Implementation Plan for Oil Sands Monitoring that reflects the Integrated Oil Sands Environment Monitoring Plan released by EC in July 2011. The air quality component of the integrated water, air and biodiversity monitoring plan for the oil sands region is focused on the monitoring needs required to understand air pollutant emissions, their chemical transformation in the atmosphere, long-range transport and subsequent deposition to the local and regional environment.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Oil Sands Science for related performance information.

2.1.3 Communicate outdoor air pollution health risks to Canadians through the Air Quality Health Index: Continue development of the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) and support implementation into additional census metropolitan areas (CMAs). The AQHI provides current and forecast air quality information and advice on health risks in order to assist Canadians in making decisions on how to reduce their level of exposure. (HC, EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 2.1: Weather and Environmental Services for Canadians

The Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) is available through EC's Weatheroffice website, AQHI website and media partners such as the Weather Network.

The strategy to focus on CMAs remains, as does the flexibility to accommodate requirements of those provinces (and CMAs) that have not implemented the AQHI.

Drawn from existing PMF indicator:

Percentages of

• the targeted sensitive population within selected regions receiving information on the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) who report that they recall seeing or hearing AQHI information.; and

• the general population within selected regions receiving information on the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) who report that they recall seeing or hearing AQHI information.

The AQHI is now available in all 10 provinces in 64 locations, including 9 communities in Alberta.

Approximately 60% of Canadians now have access to the Air Quality Health Index (AQHI) on a daily basis.

Plans for expanding AQHI implementation into Yukon and the Northwest Territories are in progress.

Effective integration of the AQHI into the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC) dissemination systems and federal and partner social media technologies continues to improve the reach of the AQHI to Canadians.

Forecasting capacity was improved by delivering a new version of the air quality forecast model with improved resolution (10 km).

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Data Collection and Reporting for Atmospheric Pollutants for related performance information.

2.1.4 Develop and provide atmospheric science assessments related to air quality. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

2.1.5 Continue to implement air pollutant emission regulations for various classes of on-road and off-road compression-ignition engines and small spark-ignition engines and fuels. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Performance expectations for compliance testing of vehicles and engines were met. A total of 122 vehicles and engines across all classes were tested.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Transportation Regulations and Compliance Promotion and Enforcement for related performance information.

2.1.6 Target regulations on volatile organic compounds (VOC) in some consumer and commercial products, and air pollutants for most transportation (on-road vehicles and engines, off-road compression ignition engines and off-road small-spark ignition engines), including implementation of the regulatory and control measures. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Information on the implementation and compliance promotion of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentration Limits for Automotive Refinishing Products Regulations and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentration Limits for Architectural Coatings Regulations, which were published in the Canada Gazette, Part II, in 2009, is available on the CEPA Environmental Registry.

For regulation of air pollutants from most land transportation (excluding locomotives), see 2.1.5 above. EC regulates benzene, a VOC, in gasoline, limiting the concentration to 1.5% per volume (for more information, visit this website.

For regulation of air pollutants from most land transportation (excluding locomotives), see 2.1.5 above.

Conduct compliance promotion activities to increase stakeholder awareness of both the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentration Limits for Automotive Refinishing Products Regulations and the Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentration Limits for Architectural Coatings Regulations.

EC published draft regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in October 2011 amending the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emissions Regulations (On-Board Diagnostic Systems for Heavy-Duty Engines) in alignment with current U.S. EPA regulations.

EC published the final Regulations Amending the Off-Road Compression-Ignition Engine Emissions Regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part II, in December 2011. These amendments brought our regulation into alignment with the United States Tier 4 regulations.

EC published minor technical amendments to the Off-Road Small Spark-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations.

EC continued to administer the full suite of existing vehicle, engine and fuels regulations.

In 2011-2012, compliance promotion activities focused on delivering information on both regulations through booths at trade shows, presentations, mailouts and use of the Web.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Transportation Regulations and Compliance Promotion and Enforcement for related performance information.

2.1.7 Continue cooperation with the United States on sustainable transportation and fuel quality. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Canada and the United States have agreed to work together under the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement to reduce transportation emissions by

• harmonizing national vehicle and engine standards for emissions of smog-forming pollutants;

• optimizing vehicle and engine emissions-testing activities, taking advantage of unique testing capabilities, and sharing emissions test data where appropriate to facilitate regulatory administration activities in both countries; and

• sharing information and discussing strategies and approaches on greenhouse gas emissions standards for motor vehicles.

Canada will continue aligning its regulations with those of the U.S. for vehicle, engines and fuels. For 2011-12, the following regulations will be aligned with U.S. EPA regulations:

Off-road compression-ignition engine emission regulations;

On-road vehicle and engine emissions regulations, requirement for an on-board diagnostics system for heavy-duty engines;

Implementation of marine spark-ignition engine and off-road recreational vehicles (MERV) emissions regulations;

Renewable fuels regulations, requiring 2% renewable content in diesel and heating oil; and

Joint compliance testing of vehicles and engines with the U.S. EPA, such as testing under cold weather conditions.

EC published the final Regulations Amending the Off-Road Compression-Ignition Engine Emissions Regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part II, in December 2011. These amendments brought our regulation into alignment with the U.S Tier 4 regulations.

EC published draft regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in October, 2011 amending the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emissions Regulations (On-Board Diagnostic Systems for Heavy-Duty Engines) in alignment with current U.S. EPA regulations.

Implementation of the Marine Spark-Ignition Engine, Vessel and Off-Road Recreational Vehicle Emission Regulations has commenced. These regulations come into force for the 2012 model years.

Regulations for renewable fuels, mandating an average 5% renewable fuel content in gasoline, were implemented and final regulations were published in the Canada Gazette, Part II (summer 2011) amending the Renewable Fuels Regulations to include the requirement of 2% renewable content in diesel fuel and heating oil.

EC has developed a work plan with the United States Environmental Protection Agency for the purpose of coordinating compliance testing.

See also Clean Air Agenda Program Transportation Regulations for related performance information.

2.1.8 Continue to work collaboratively with provinces and territories to develop and implement a coherent approach to managing air quality, including national ambient air quality standards and national industrial emissions requirements for key pollutants. (EC, HC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

The activity will be implemented through the development and implementation of a new air quality management system in collaboration with the provinces, territories and Health Canada. The system will require air pollutant emission reductions from industrial sources and include the development of Canadian ambient air quality standards for particulate matter and ozone. Air quality management and reporting will be done through the establishment of local air zones and regional airsheds.

This activity contributes to achieving Target 2.1 by establishing industrial emission requirements that will set a base level of environmental performance for the major industrial sectors and by setting Canadian ambient air quality standards for particulate matter and ozone. The status and the improvements of the air quality will be monitored through regular reporting for the local air zones and the regional airsheds in the future.

Finalization of industrial emission requirements for up to 13 industrial sectors and 3 cross-sectoral equipment types.

Finalization of ambient air quality standards for particulate matter and ozone and associated triggers.

Delineation of 6 regional airsheds.

Development of a guidance document for local air zones delineation.

EC worked intensively with other federal departments, provinces, industry and non-governmental organizations to develop and finalize key elements of a national air quality management system that includes the Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) for ground-level ozone and PM_2.5 to guide air quality improvements; the delineation of regional air sheds to address transboundary air pollution; monitoring and reporting requirements to report on progress; and national industrial emissions requirements for key air pollutants. The complete system is expected to be approved by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment in fall 2012.

The national industrial emissions requirements for key air pollutants for 13 sectors and 4 equipment types were developed and the majority finalized.

The new Canadian Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS) (also referred to as management levels) for particulate matter (PM_2.5) and ozone and associated triggers were finalized.

Six regional air sheds that cross provincial-territorial and international boundaries were delineated.

Guidance documents on achievement determination of the CAAQS, air zone management, and air zone delineation were developed and finalized.

See also Clean Air Agenda Program Atmospheric Pollutants Policy for related performance information.

2.1.9 Work through the World Forum for the Harmonization of Vehicle Regulation to develop harmonized global technical regulations for vehicles and engines to ensure that stringent emission standards will be applied around the world. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

EC will coordinate with Transport Canada and brief other participants. EC will participate in related working groups such as the Working Party on Pollution and Energy (GRPE). For more information, visit this website.

As light- and heavy-duty vehicles accounted for 3940 Kt of carbon monoxide in Canada in 2008, this will significantly contribute to the reduction of air pollutants.

2.1.10 Develop new regulations to reduce emissions of air pollutants from marine engines and recreational vehicles, on- and off-road diesel engines and off-road large spark ignition engines. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

New regulations for emissions from marine engines and recreational vehicles (MERV), off-road diesel engines, and off-road large-spark engines was released in 2010 and is aligned with United States standards. Regulations covering on-road diesel engines were published in 2003 (visit this website for more information).

As transportation sources are responsible for 56% of air contaminant emissions excluding particulates, this will help improve air quality across the country.

Final MERV regulations will be published in the Canada Gazette in 2011.

Final on-road diesel engines regulations will be published in the Canada Gazette in 2012.

EC will begin developing large spark-ignition engines regulations.

Implementation of the Marine Spark-Ignition Engine, Vessel and Off-Road Recreational Vehicle Emission Regulations has commenced. These regulations will come into force for the 2012 model years.

Published draft regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part 1, in October 2011 amending the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emissions Regulations (On-Board Diagnostic Systems for Heavy-Duty Engines) in alignment with current U.S. EPA regulations.

Preliminary development of regulations for large spark-ignition engines was initiated.

Minor amendments to the Small Spark Ignition Engine Regulations were published in Part I of the Canada Gazette in April 2011.

See also Clean Air Agenda Program Transportation Regulations for related performance information.

2.1.13 Continue to work with the United States and France to implement a designated Emission Control Area for North American coastal areas, under the auspices of the IMO, by 2012. (TC, EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Within the North American Emission Control Area (ECA), which covers the majority of waters surrounding Canada and the United States and the French islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, ships must significantly reduce their air pollutant emissions of sulphur oxides (SO_x), particulate matter (PM), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x). Canada's health and environment will greatly benefit from the emissions reductions the ECA standards will provide.

EC with Transport Canada (TC) is developing regulations to implement Canada's portion of the ECA. EC will revise its sulphur standards in the Sulphur in Diesel Fuel Regulations under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 to implement the ECA in accordance with the IMO requirement and in alignment with U.S. regulatory actions.

For more information, visit this website.

As marine transportation accounted for 81 KT of SO_x in Canada in 2008, this will significantly contribute to the reduction of air pollutants.

EC supported Transport Canada's work to implement the North American Emission Control Area.

EC published draft CEPA 1999 regulations in the Canada Gazette, Part I, in December 2011 amending the Sulphur in Diesel Fuel Regulations in order to comply with Transport Canada's planned regulations to implement the North American Emission Control Area.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Marine Sector Regulatory Initiative for related performance information.

2.1.15 Continue to support a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the Railway Association of Canada that ensures the rail industry continues to improve emission performance during the 2006-2010 period. (EC, TC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

The MOU with the Railway Association of Canada expires in December 2010. Air pollutant regulations being developed under the Railway Safety Act by Transport Canada are expected to take effect in 2011. Visit this website for more information.

In 2008, rail transportation accounted for 9% of transportation nitrogen oxide air pollutant emissions. Transport Canada's and EC's activities in this area will contribute to the reduction of air pollutants.

2.1.22.2 Programs focused on supplying financial aid and developing capacity to reduce GHGs and smog-forming pollutants through adoption of emission-reducing technologies and practices: Implement a national Vehicle Scrappage Program to encourage Canadians to retire their old high-polluting vehicles (models 1995 or earlier) and to choose more sustainable transportation options. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

The National Vehicle Scrappage Program offers rewards--such as free transit passes, car-sharing memberships, $300 cash and rebates on the purchase of cleaner vehicles--to Canadians who retire their older, highly polluting personal vehicles. The program is mainly delivered though Summerhill Impact, a not-for-profit organization with a network of local agents that deliver the program in each province and develop partnerships with incentive providers, vehicle recyclers, and call centres. For further information, please visit this website.

The National Vehicle Scrappage Program primarily aims to reduce air pollutants by removing older vehicles from the road. Its secondary goals are to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by promoting sustainable transportation alternatives, and to prevent the release of harmful substances to the environment by ensuring responsible vehicle recycling. The program directly contributes to the achievement of Target 2.1: Air Pollutants.

The National Vehicle Scrappage Program, also known as Retire Your Ride, stopped accepting new participants on March 31, 2011. About 140,000 old high-polluting vehicles of the 1995 model year and earlier were removed from Canadian roads over the life of the program, leading to a reduction 5,000 tonnes of smog-forming emissions.

To help support the widespread implementation of good vehicle-recycling practices, as presented in the code of practice developed for the program, a national forum with participation from industry, stakeholders and provincial and territorial governments on the future of vehicle-recycling in Canada was held in November 2011. Since then, a task group has been created by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment to consider control measures to support the application of the code of practice industry-wide.

The program also supported the design and organization of a website to promote good environmental practices and the dissemination of information to industry and stakeholders. The website, which is now supported by industry, offers an updated version of the code of practice.

The program wind-down was completed without major incident and final reports were submitted to EC. EC submitted its final report on the program exit strategy to the Treasury Board Secretariat. The third-party program evaluation was posted on the EC website.

For program evaluation, see this website.

For third-party vehicle recycling, see the Canadian Auto Recyclers Environmental Code website.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Vehicle Scrappage for related performance information.

2.1.31 Work with the U.S to reduce transboundary emissions under the Canada-U.S. Air Quality Agreement. (EC, HC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

This activity will be implemented through continued work under the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement (1991) and its three Annexes committing to work on 1) acid rain; 2) scientific and technical activities and economic research; and 3) ozone. Consideration is being given to adding a fourth annex covering particulate matter (PM). The Canada-United States Air Quality Committee is responsible for administering work under the Agreement. It publishes a joint progress report every two years. In addition, EC will continue to conduct coordinated science activities under Sub-committee 2 of the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement.

This activity contributes to achieving Target 2.1: Reducing Air Pollutants by contributing to the reduction of transboundary air pollution.

Meeting regular commitments under the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement that focus on reducing emissions of acid rain and smog forming pollutants.

Participating in the annual meetings of the Canada-U.S. Air Quality Committee, and making progress in advancing discussions on a particulate matter annex to the Air Quality Agreement.

Participating in annual meetings of the Air Quality Committee and in further discussions or negotiations, where appropriate, to support ongoing bilateral collaboration on the reduction of transboundary air pollution.

Conducting a qualitative assessment of the satisfaction of government decision-makers with the timeliness, credibility and relevance of atmospheric science advice and assessment related to air quality.

Canada continues to cooperate with the United States to address transboundary air pollution through the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement (1991). The Agreement addresses the transboundary movement of air pollutants that cause acid rain and smog. Both countries are in full compliance with their respective commitments and emissions of these pollutants have decreased dramatically on both sides of the border. After more than 20 years of cooperation, emissions that cause acid rain have been reduced by more than 50% and emissions causing smog by 40% in the area covered under this agreement.

Canada participated in the annual meeting of the Canada-United States Air quality Committee in November 2011 to discuss routine items of compliance under the Agreement and air quality actions in both countries that affect transboundary air pollution.

Under the newly formed Canada-United States Regulatory Cooperation Council, Canada and the United States have agreed to consider the expansion of the Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement to address transboundary particulate matter.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Atmospheric Pollutants Policy for related performance information.

2.1.32 Submit air pollutant inventories to meet international reporting requirements using National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI) to the UN Economic Commission for Europe to meet the reporting obligations of the Protocols ratified under the Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution). (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

Canada's domestic and international obligations (UNECE, Canada-United States Air Quality Agreement, etc.) will be met via the collection and submission of data on emissions on key air pollutants from industrial facilities and/or comprehensive emissions data (which includes facility-reported data and additional area source calculations).

The NPRI data is a key mechanism for allowing Canada to track progress against the various reporting obligations and demonstrate compliance with stated obligations.

Emissions data on key pollutants were submitted to the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) on February 15, 2012.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Data Collection and Reporting for Atmospheric Pollutants for related performance information.

2.1.35 Participate in negotiations for revisions of the Gothenburg Protocol to Reduce Ozone, Acidification and Eutrophication under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. (EC, HC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

This activity will be implemented through participation in the negotiations to amend the multi-pollutant, multi-effect Gothenburg Protocol under LRTAP. This includes attending the negotiating sessions, consulting with other governmental departments and other stakeholders on Canada's positions, and developing Canada's positions and commitments under the amended Protocol. See this website for more information.

This activity contributes to achieving Target 2.1: Reducing Air Pollutants by setting emission limits for four pollutants: sulphur oxides (SO_x), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), volatile organic compounds (VOC) and ammonia. Furthermore, negotiations have been launched to revise and update the Protocol and establish new 2020 commitments.

Canada participated constructively in negotiations to revise the Gothenburg Protocol under the United Nations Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution (CLRTAP). The revised Protocol was adopted May 4, 2012. The negotiation to include black carbon as a component of particulate matter was entirely consistent with Canada's interests and Canadian positions were well captured.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Atmospheric Pollutants Policy and Greenhouse Gas Policy for related performance information.

2.1.36 Develop Extended Producer Responsibility Regulations for managing end-of-life ozone depleting substances and their halocarbon alternatives. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

2.1.37 Continue development of a North American proposal to phase-down HFCs under the Montreal Protocol and develop complimentary domestic regulations. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.2: Climate Change and Clean Air

HFCs are very potent greenhouses gases (GHG), which were initially introduced as a replacement for certain ozone-depleting substances. In collaboration with the United States and Mexico, Canada introduced a revised North American Proposal in April 2010 to add HFCs to the Montreal Protocol. The proposal would establish targets to reduce HFC consumption and production for both developing and developed countries. This is an approach that has a track record of success in eliminating similar substances used in the same sectors as HFCs. It is expected that this approach would contribute to preventing significant emissions, thus minimizing negative impacts on the climate. This proposal was considered at the meeting of the Open-ended Working Group to the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in June 2010 and at the Meeting of the Parties (MOP) in November 2010.

It is estimated that the cumulative benefits of the HFC phasedown amounts to reductions of 3100 million metric tonnes of carbon dioxide (MMT of CO₂ equivalent) through 2020, and around 88,000 MMT of CO₂ equivalent through 2050.

Canada, in collaboration with the United States and Mexico, will further refine their proposal in 2011.

Canada will continue to participate in negotiation meetings with our partners, the United States and Mexico.

EC will participate in outreach activities to promote the amendment to the Montreal Protocol.

Decision(s) and/or declarations adopted at relevant international fora contribute to advancing the objectives of the proposed amendment.

In 2011-2012, Canada worked with the United States and Mexico to build further support for the North American proposal to phase-down hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) under the Montreal Protocol, in line with its objective to pursue an aligned climate change approach.

The North American proposal will be further discussed under the Montreal Protocol in 2012.

2.1.38 Deliver compliance promotion activities for key regulatory initiatives. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.3: Compliance Promotion and Enforcement - Pollution

Compliance promotion relates to activities that are undertaken to increase the awareness and the understanding of new risk management instruments developed under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, 1999 (CEPA 1999). Through these activities, information is provided regarding compliance requirements, the benefits of complying with the law, and the consequences of non-compliance.

The approach to compliance promotion is collaborative and coordinated across the Department's programs and regions and with the Enforcement Branch of EC. It is achieved using various tools and approaches such as website postings, letters and emails, brochures, site visits, responses to inquiries and information sessions.

Two overarching compliance promotion strategies were developed: one for all fuel regulations and one for vehicles and engines regulations. Individual strategies were initiated for other air pollutant regulations, including the following proposed regulations:

• Reduction of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal-Fired Generation of Electricity Regulations

• Heavy-duty Vehicle and Engine Greenhouse Gas Emission Regulations

• Regulations Amending the On-Road Vehicle and Engine Emission Regulations (On-Board Diagnostic Systems for Heavy-Duty Engines and Other Amendments) (part of the overarching strategy for vehicle and engine)

Compliance promotion activities were conducted for the following regulations:

• the Renewable Fuels Regulations

• the Marine Spark-Ignition Engine, Vessel and Off-Road Recreational Vehicle Emission Regulations

• the Off-Road Compression-Ignition Engine Emission Regulations.

See also the Clean Air Agenda Program Compliance Promotion and Enforcement for related performance information.

2.3.1 Federal custodians plan and undertake assessment and remediation/risk management activities at contaminated sites for which they are responsible in order to reduce human health and ecological risks at higher priority sites. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

The Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) is a cost-shared program that helps federal custodians address contaminated sites for which they are responsible. The primary objective of this program is to address the risks that these sites pose to human health and the environment and to reduce the associated financial liability. The program has the complementary objectives of supporting other socio-economic outcomes, such as training and employment of Canadians and promotion of innovative technologies.

EC's responsibilities include providing expert advice to other federal custodians on the issue of ecological risk reduction.

After a site is assessed and the need to address the contamination confirmed, a remediation or risk management plan is used to explore the various alternatives and identify the preferred option to reduce the risk to human health and the environment. The chosen remediation or risk management method is designed to address the unique conditions of the site. Common remediation activities involve reducing exposure to contaminants by removing, destroying or containing them.

By assessing sites suspected of being contaminated, the federal government is able to more accurately estimate human health and environmental risk. Remediation of contaminated sites is designed to reduce human health and ecological risks due to contaminants through the cleanup and risk management of sites.

2.3.2 Guidance and program policies developed by the program secretariat and the expert support departments are used by federal custodians in the program implementation activities. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

EC will sustain the capability to review site classification to ensure funding is directed to the highest-risk sites, and to manage sites with a focus on reducing the risk to human health and the environment.

Expert advice ensures that custodians adopt a scientifically credible and consistent approach to the assessment of human health and ecological risk across the program. A sustainability framework is currently being developed to help custodians integrate sustainable decision making into the management of contaminated sites.

2.3.3 In 2010-11, site assessments will be undertaken on an estimated 1500 projects by 15 federal custodians in total while an estimated 500 remediation/risk management projects will be implemented - by 17 custodians in total. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

This implementation strategy has been completed and will be reported in the 2010-2011 Departmental Performance Report.

All future work with federal contaminated sites is outlined in the Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan.

2.3.4 Assess 100% of existing commercial substances as identified under the Chemicals Management Plan for risks to human health and/or the environment (100% of total of 4300 by 2020). (EC, HC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

The Government of Canada is committed to addressing all of the substances that have been identified as being of priority Under CEPA 1999, EC and Health Canada have identified priorities though the categorization of all substances in commerce, as included on the Domestic Substances List. The assessment and management of substances is addressed through a range of activities best suited to the level of priority, nature and use of the substances, and types of risks they may pose to Canadians or their environment. For example, substances of highest priority have been addressed through the Challenge initiative, leading to rapid action on substances of greatest concern. Substances of likely low risk have been subject to a rapid screening process to provide for regulatory certainty and appropriate channeling of government and stakeholder resources. Sectoral-based approaches are used for substances relevant to specific industry sectors such as the Petroleum Sector Stream Approach. New initiatives are now underway to concurrently address large groups of similar substances.

To support assessment and management activities, the strategy further involves research and monitoring activities, including updating information on the commercial status of these substances. There is also international collaboration relating to data sharing and shared development of assessment and management approaches.

Depending on the use, release and physical nature of the substance, there could atmospheric considerations that are relevant to air quality. Priority setting, assessment, and related research and monitoring identifies substances of concern and the nature of risks that they pose to Canadians and their environment, allowing risk management to focus on implementing appropriate measures for the reduction of those risks. As part of this priority-setting process, issues related to air quality can be identified.

28% (close to 1200 substances) of existing commercial substances under the Chemicals Management Plan assessed for risk to human health and/or the environment.

Implementation of risk management measures for those substances identified as being of concern to human health or the environment.

Identification of the next round of assessment and associated timelines, and initiation of assessments.

By the end of 2011-2012, 1,092 (approximately 25% of all substances under the CMP) of the 1200 substances had been addressed. Substances were considered to be addressed once a formal decision was made that, pending new information, no further assessment work was required on a substance of concern.

Of the 1,092 substances addressed:

• 144 were determined or proposed to require risk management actions

• 283 were determined or proposed to not currently pose a risk but would be subject to the significant new activity provisions

• 665 were determined or proposed to not pose a risk and require no further action

2.3.5 Assess 100% of new substances, for which EC has been notified by industry of their intended manufacture or import, to determine if they are suspected of being toxic within the timelines in the regulation or established services standards. (EC, HC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

Any person who intends to import or manufacture a new substance in Canada must submit a notification to EC prior to importing or manufacturing the substance. Once the notification is received, EC and Health Canada are responsible for assessingthe substance within the prescribed regulatory timeline to determine whether the proposed uses of the substance could lead to its posing any risk to human health or the environment. One of the considerations when doing risk assessments can be the impacts on air quality.

Actions taken under the New Substances program ensure that new substances are not allowed onto the market if this would result in risks to the environment or human health.

Approximately 500 new substance notifications are processed on an annual basis. Of these 500 assessments, approximately 25 Significant New Activity notices and 10 Ministerial Conditions are issued annually to restrict use of these substances for other activities, or to mitigate potential risks.

2.3.6 Apply life-cycle thinking, sustainable materials management and environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes to promote sustainable consumption and minimize the impacts of products and wastes on the environment and human health. (EC, NRCan)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

The performance expectations are for the releases from dental facilities in Canada, not the dentists targeted by the notice (i.e. the ones with best management practices (BMPs) not in place who had to submit declarations). EC expects that 95% of dental facilities in Canada (using or removing dental amalgams) would have BMPs in place for December 2010 (at the end of the implementation of the pollution prevention (P2) Notice). This target will be evaluated in the next months, based on the declarations received from dental facilities. A national survey will be conducted if required.

Adoption of P2 concepts by targeted users will be measured by the number of schedules reported and waste disposal statistics of collection and disposal of mercury from dental offices to appropriate waste management facilities.

A survey of dentists was performed in spring 2012. The survey indicated that almost all dental clinics (97%) have a dental amalgam separator, which represents the main best management practice (BMP) for dental clinics to achieve. Compared to 2007, this represents an increase of 27% (from 70% to 97%). As a result, from the estimated annual use of 4,144 kg (2012) of mercury removed from patients' teeth, 75 kg is discharged into the wastewater stream, a reduction of 83% from the estimated 452 kg released in 2007.

However, regarding the other important BMPs, a small number of dentists (13%) reported some improper disposal of dental amalgam, which will require further follow-up from EC.

2.3.8 Ensure at least one risk management measure is in place within the legally mandated timeframes for 100% of substances added to the List of Toxic Substances within. (EC, HC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

For the substances that are found to be "toxic" under CEPA 1999 and are added to the Schedule 1, a proposed instrument to establish or control actions for managing the substance must be published in the Canada Gazette, Part I, within two years of the recommendation that the substance be added to Schedule I. Within 18 months of the publication, the final instrument must be published in the Canada Gazette, Part II.

Information on the above is available on the Chemical Substances website and the CEPA Environmental Registry.

Under the Chemicals Management Plan, the Challenge to industry and other stakeholders was developed to address approximately 200 chemicals identified as high priorities for action due to their potential to cause harm to human health and/or the environment. The Challenge divides these chemicals into 12 batches. Approximately every three months a new batch of chemicals is released for comment and information gathering. The information gathered is used to feed into evidence-based decisions when assessing risks to human health and the environment, and developing measures to reduce these risks.

In 2011-2012, proposed risk management instruments were published for 10 of 11 substances listed on Schedule 1 within the required timelines.

Final risk management instruments were published for 8 of 8 substances listed on Schedule 1 within the required timelines.

2.3.9 Deliver compliance promotion activities for key regulatory initiatives. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.3 Compliance Promotion and Enforcement

Compliance promotion relates to activities that are undertaken to increase the awareness and the understanding of environmental legislation and their related risk management instruments. Through these activities, information is provided on what is required to comply, the benefits of complying with the law as well as the consequences of non-compliance.

The approach to compliance promotion is collaborative and coordinated across the department's programs and regions and with Enforcement. It is achieved using various tools and approaches such as website postings, letters and emails, brochures, site visits, responses to inquiries and information sessions.

2.3.10 Work with OECD and with the U.S. and Mexico under the auspices of the Commission for Environmental Cooperation to foster green growth collaborative initiatives. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

Canada actively participates in the OECD work on sustainable materials management (SMM) through its participation in the Working Party on Resource Productivity and Waste. SMM is a new concept that shifts from the policy focus from waste management to materials management in support of sustainable development.

Canada is also working with the Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC) of North America to better understand the international movements of North American electronic waste and to share information and raise awareness on the environmentally sound management (ESM) of electrical waste with small refurbishers and recyclers.

In addition, Canada also works collaboratively with the United States and Mexico to support enforcement activity specific to trans-boundary movements of electronic wastes. See this website for more information.

Canada participated actively in meetings of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Working Party on Resource Productivity and Waste (WPRPW), contributing expertise on sustainable materials management (SMM) and advancing other work aligned with Canada's interests. The report "Sustainable Materials Management - A Synthesis" was finalized and approved by the Working Party; the WPRPW will explore publishing options in the following year.

In the area of OECD Accession, a Canadian expert on waste diversion programs participated in a workshop held in Moscow, Russia. Canada also contributed to the positive outcome of a nanotechnology workshop co-hosted by the OECD and Germany; the Canadian delegation included a subject matter expert from the National Institute for Nanotechnology.

2.3.11 Work with provincial and territorial authorities to promote waste minimization and diversion, such as the implementation of the Canada-wide Action Plan on Extended Producer Responsibility. (EC)

Alignment with the 2011-2012 PAA:

Program 3.1: Substances and Waste Management

In October 2009, the Council of Ministers approved the Canada-wide Action Plan for Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) and the Canada-wide Strategy for Sustainable Packaging.

The Canada-wide Action Plan for Extended Producer Responsibility commits jurisdictions to work towards managing a list of product categories included in the plan, such as electronic waste, packaging and household hazardous wastes, through extended producer responsibility (EPR) programs by 2015 (phase one) and 2017 (phase 2). EPR programs assign the responsibility of managing a product or packaging at the end-of-life to manufacturers, importers and/or first sellers, thereby shifting responsibility for waste management from municipalities to industry, and away from taxpayers.

For its part, the Sustainable Packaging Strategy commits jurisdictions to work towards managing packaging waste through EPR programs. The strategy also sets out supporting measures for jurisdictions to encourage the production and consumption of sustainable packaging.

See this website for more information.

EC supported and encouraged the CCME to report on the commitments related to the Canada-wide Action Plan for Extended Producer Responsibility. Jurisdictions have not yet reached consensus on the timing and form this reporting should take.

EC's Web database of extended producer responsibility, stewardship and take-back programs in Canada has been updated, with input from industry and stakeholders. This tool supports individual and municipal efforts in diverting waste from landfill by providing up-to-date information on available programs in their area.