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ARCHIVED - Environmental Screening Assessment Report on Perfluorooctane Sulfonate

References

3M Environmental Laboratory. 2001a. Analytical laboratory report, determination of the presence and concentration of PFOS, PFOSA, PFOSAA, EtFOSE-OH, M556 and PFOSEA in serum and liver samples of Crl:CD(SD) IGS BR rats exposed to N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol. 3M Environmental Laboratory Report No. Tox-001, Laboratory Request No. U2103, 3M Reference No. T-6316.1 (on the 5th CD 3M provided to US Environmental Protection Agency for Administrative Record 226).

3M Environmental Laboratory. 2001b. Analytical laboratory report, determination of the presence and concentration of PFOS, PFOSA, PFOSAA, EtFOSE-OH, M556 and PFOSEA in serum and liver samples of Crl:CD(SD) IGS BR rats exposed to N-ethyl perfluorooctanesulfonamido ethanol. 3M Environmental Laboratory Report No. Tox-002, Laboratory Request No. U2104, 3M Reference No. T-6316.1 (on the 5th CD 3M provided to US Environmental Protection Agency for Administrative Record 226).

3M Environmental Laboratory. 2002. Soil adsorption revised. June 12, 2002, revision to 3M Technical Report “Soil Adsorption/Desorption Study of Potassium Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS).” Project No. E00-1311, final report completion date June 4, 2001. Amended report completion date May 24, 2002. (submitted to US EPA AR-226-1107.)

Boudreau, T.M., P.K. Sibley, D.C.G. Muir, S.A. Mabury and K.R. Solomon. 2002. Laboratory evaluation of the toxicity of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) on Selenastrum capricornutum, Chlorella vulgaris, Lemna gibba, Daphnia magna, and Daphnia pulicaria. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 44: 307–313.

Boudreau, T.M., C.J. Wilson, W.J. Cheong, P.K. Sibley, S.A. Mabury, D.C.G. Muir and K.R. Solomon. 2003. Response of the zooplankton community and environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in aquatic microcosms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22: 2739–2745.

Campbell, S.M., S.P. Lynn and J.B. Beavers. 1993a. Lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (6861D11). A dietary LC50 study with the northern bobwhite. Wildlife International Ltd. Project No. 319-101. Sponsored by S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

Campbell, S.M., S.P. Lynn and J.B. Beavers. 1993b. Lithium perfluorooctane sulfonate (6861D11). A dietary LC50 study with the mallard. Wildlife International Ltd. Project No. 319-102. Sponsored by S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.

CEMC (Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre). 2001. Trent University Canadian Environmental Modelling Centre Newsletter, Summer 2001 Progress Report, Peterborough, Ontario (http://www.trentu.ca/cemc/news01_07.pdf).

CITI (Chemicals Inspection & Testing Institute). 1992. Biodegradation and bioaccumulation: data of existing chemicals based on the CSCL Japan. Compiled under the supervision of Chemical Products Safety Division, Basic Industries Bureau, Ministry of International Trade & Industry, Tokyo, Japan. October 1992.

Compass Environmental Inc. 1999. Municipal solid waste incineration in Canada: An update on operations 1997–1998. Prepared for Environment Canada and Federal Panel on Energy Research Development, Burlington, Ontario.

Covance Laboratories, Inc. 2002. Final report: 104-week dietary chronic toxicity and carcinogenicity study with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS; T-6295) in rats. Study No. 6239-183, Madison, Wisconsin.

Dimitrov, S., V. Kamenska, J.D. Walker, W. Windle, R. Purdy, M. Lewis and O. Mekenyan. 2004. Predicting the biodegradation products of perfluorinated chemicals using CATABOL, SAR and QSAR. Environ. Res. 15(1): 69–82.

Environment Canada. 2000. Industry survey of perfluoroalkyl substances as conducted through a Canada Gazette Notice issued under the authority of Section 71 of CEPA 1999.

Environment Canada. 2001. Primary report on PFAs from Section 71 survey prepared by Use Patterns Section, Chemicals Control Division, Commercial Chemicals Evaluation Branch, Environment Canada, Hull, Canada.

Giesy, J. 2003. Personal communication (comments on draft PFOS assessment report), February 2003, to Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec. Department of Zoology, National Food Safety and Toxicology Centre, Institute for Environmental Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.

Giesy, J.P. and K. Kannan. 2002. Perfluorochemical surfactants in the environment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36(7): 147A–152A.

Government of Canada. 2000. Persistence and Bioaccumulation Regulations. Canada Gazette, Part II, Vol. 134, No. 7, March 29, 2000.

Hansen, K.J., H.O. Johnson, J.S. Eldridge, J.L. Butenhoff and L.A. Dick. 2002. Quantitative characterization of trace levels of PFOS and PFOA in the Tennessee River. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36: 1681–1685.

Haughom, B. and O. Spydevold. 1992. The mechanism underlying the hypolipemic effect of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulphonic acid (PFOSA) and clofibric acid. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1128: 65–72.

Health Canada. 2004. Perfluorooctane sulfonate, its salts and its precursors that contain the C8F17SO2 or C8F17SO3 moiety. Draft screening health assessment report. Prepared by Existing Substances Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.

Hekster, F.M., P. de Voogt, A.M.C.M. Pijinenburg and R.W.P.M. Laane. 2002. Perfluoroalkylated substances -- aquatic environmental assessment. Report RIKZ/2002.043. Prepared at the University of Amsterdam and RIKZ (The State Institute for Coast and Sea), July 1, 2002. 99 pp.

Hoff, P.T., K. Van De Vijver, W. Van Dongen, E.L. Esmans, R. Blust and W.M. De Coen. 2003. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid in bib (Trisoperus luscus) and plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) from the Western Scheldt and the Belgian North Sea: distribution and biochemical effects. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22: 608–614.

Industry Canada. 2002. Canadian industry statistics: Establishments: Carpet and Rug Mills (NAICS 31411). Information obtained on-line on December 4, 2002 (http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/canadian_industry_statistics/cis.nsf/idE/cis31411estE.html).

Kannan, K., J.-W. Choi, N. Iseki, K. Senthikumar, D.H. Kim, S. Masunaga and J.P. Giesy. 2002. Concentrations of perfluorinated acids in livers of birds from Japan and Korea. Chemosphere 49: 225–231.

Key, B.D., R.D. Howell and C.S. Criddle. 1997. Fluorinated organics in the biosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 2445–2454.

Luebker, D.J., K.J. Hansen, M. Bass, J.L. Butenhoff and A.M. Seacat. 2002. Interactions of fluorochemicals with rat liver fatty acid-binding protein. Toxicology 176: 175–185.

Martin, J.W., D.C.G. Muir, C.A. Moody, D.A. Ellis, W.C. Kwan, K.R. Solomon and S.A. Mabury. 2002. Collection of airborne fluorinated organics and analysis by gas chromatography/chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 74: 584–590.

Martin, J.W., S.A. Mabury, K.R. Solomon and D.C.G. Muir. 2003a. Bioconcentration and tissue distribution of perfluorinated acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22: 196–204.

Martin, J.W., S.A. Mabury, K.R. Solomon and D.C.G. Muir. 2003b. Dietary accumulation of perfluorinated acids in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 22: 189–195.

Martin, J.W., M.M. Smithwick, B. Braune, P.F. Hoekstra, D.C.G. Muir and S.A. Mabury. 2004. Identification of long-chain perfluorinated acids in biota from the Canadian Arctic. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38(2): 373–380.

Mekenyan, O., S. Dimitrov and S. Temelkov. 2002. PFOS metabolic pathways and metabolic distributions: Generated by catabolic simulator (2001–2002). Results compiled and edited by P. Robinson, Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec.

Moody, C.A., J.W. Martin, W.C. Kwan, D.C.G. Muir and S.A. Mabury. 2002. Monitoring perfluorinated surfactants in biota and surface water samples following an accidental release of fire-fighting foam into Etobicoke Creek. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36: 545–551.

OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development). 2002. Hazard assessment of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its salts. ENV/JM/RD(2002)17/FINAL, November 21, Paris. 362 pp.

Purdy, R. 2002a. Personal communication (by e-mail), October 9, 2002, to Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec.

Purdy, R. 2002b. Personal communication, May 2002, to Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec.

Robinson, P. 2002. CATABOL: Microbial catabolic pathways model. A summary of the biodegradation and metabolic pathways estimation program developed by Prof. Ovanes Mekenyan et al. Background documentation, Existing Substances Branch, Environment Canada, Gatineau, Quebec.

Sanderson, H., T.M. Boudreau, S.A. Mabury, W. Cheong and K.R. Solomon. 2002. Ecological impact and environmental fate of perfluorooctane sulfonate on the zooplankton community in indoor microcosms. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 21: 1490–1496.

Taniyasu, S., K. Kannan, Y. Horii and N. Yamashita. 2002. Other halogenated POPs of concern. The first environmental survey of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and related compounds in Japan. Organohalogen Compd. 59: 311–314.

Taniyasu, S., K. Kannan, Y. Horii, N. Hanari and N. Yamashita. 2003. A survey of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related perfluorinated organic compounds in water, fish, birds, and humans from Japan. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37: 2634–2639.

US EPA. 2002. Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates; Significant new use rule (SNUR); Final rule and supplemental proposed rule. Fed. Regist. 67(47). 40 CFR Part 721, March 11, 2002.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0060. 3M submission (not dated). Data summaries, completed 1999. Transport between environmental compartments (fugacity): perfluorooctanesulfonate.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0091. 3M submission dated 4/26/00. PFOS: a 96-hour static acute toxicity test with the freshwater mussel (Unio complamatus), with protocol.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0097. 3M submission dated 4/26/00. PFOS: an early life-stage toxicity test with the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), with protocol.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0101. 3M submission dated 4/26/00. PFOS: a flow-through life cycle toxicity test with the saltwater mysid (Mysidopsis bahia), with protocol.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0137. 3M submission dated 12/18/78. Ninety-day subacute rhesus monkey toxicity study, with Fluorad fluorochemical surfactant FC95.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0139. 3M submission dated 11/10/78. Ninety-day subacute rat toxicity study, with Fluorad fluorochemical surfactant FC-95.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0144. 3M submission not dated. 4-week capsule toxicity study with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS; T-6295) in cynomolgus monkeys (includes draft final report, cell proliferation report, protocol and memorandum from Marvin Case re histopathology review of liver tissue).

US EPA OPPT AR226-0167. 3M submission dated 2/4/98. The effect of perfluorinated arylalkylsulfonamides on bioenergetics of rat liver mitochondria.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0169. 3M submission not dated. Summary of the effects of PFC’s on mitochondrial bioenergetics in vitro.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0184. 3M submission dated 4/6/00. Attachment to letter to C. Auer dated May 4, 2000. Ongoing studies on perfluorooctanesulfonates (sic): abiotic degradation studies of perfluorooctane sulfonate.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0240. 3M submission not dated. Mechanism of toxicity of a unique pesticide: N-ethylperfluorooctane sulfonamide (NEPFOS), and its metabolite perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOS) to isolated rabbit renal cortical mitochondria (RCM), abstract from 1989 Society of Toxicology meeting.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0547. 3M submission dated 5/2/99. The science of organic fluorochemistry.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0550. 3M submission dated 5/26/99. Fluorochemical use, distribution and release overview.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0569. 3M submission dated 6/10/99. Summary PFOS rat two-generation reproduction study.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0588. 3M submission dated 06/16/00. Phase-out plan for POSF-based products.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0620. 3M submission dated 3/1/00. Sulfonated perfluorochemicals in the environment: sources, dispersion, fate and effects.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0949. 3M submission dated 1/11/99. Final report -- protocol 418-012: oral (stomach tube) developmental toxicity of PFOS in rabbits.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0953. 3M submission dated 4/26/00. PFOS: a dietary LC50 study with the northern bobwhite, with protocol.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0956. 3M submission not dated. Summary report: 104-week dietary chronic study and carcinogenicity study with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS: T-6295) in rats -- week 53.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0957. 3M submission dated 4/12/00. Draft final report: 26-week capsule toxicity study with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS: T-6295) in cynomolgus monkeys, volume I.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0958. 3M submission dated 4/12/00. Draft final report: 26-week capsule toxicity study with perfluorooctane sulfonic acid potassium salt (PFOS: T-6295) in cynomolgus monkeys, volume II.

US EPA OPPT AR226-0967. 3M submission dated 1/11/99. Final report: protocol 418-010 -- oral (stomach tube) developmental toxicity study of N-EtFOSE in rabbits.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a041. 3M submission dated 4/23/01. The 35-day aerobic biodegradation study of PFOS.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a042. 3M submission dated 6/21/01, revised 7/16/02. Perfluorooctanesulfonate, potassium salt (PFOS): a flow-through bioconcentration test with the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus).

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a047. 3M submission dated 6/9/00. Analysis of PFOS in test organisms from the 96-hour static acute toxicity test with the freshwater mussel.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a049. 3M submission dated 3/19/01. Laboratory report -- revision 1. Analytical report of data for PFOS dietary LC50 study with mallards.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a057. 3M submission dated 4/6/01. PFOS: a frog embryo teratogenesis assay -- Xenopus (PETAX).

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a073. 3M submission dated 8/6/80. Photolysis study on FM-3925 (direct and indirect).

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a074. 3M submission dated 11/7/80. Photolysis of FM3925 in aqueous solutions (direct).

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a076. 3M submission dated 3/30/01. Hydrolysis reactions of 2-(N-methylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)-ethyl alcohol (N-MeFOSE alcohol).

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a079. 3M submission dated 2/23/01. Hydrolysis reactions of 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamide)-ethyl alcohol (N-EtFOSE alcohol).

US EPA OPPT AR 226-1030a080. 3M submission dated 4/19/01. Screening studies on the aqueous photolytic degradation of 2-(N-ethylperfluorooctanesulfonamido)-ethyl alcohol (N-EtFOSE alcohol).

US EPA OPPT AR 226-1030a104. 3M submission dated 6/12/01. Indirect photolysis of gaseous perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (POSF) by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.

US EPA OPPT AR 226-1030a106. 3M submission not dated. Executive summary of photolysis studies.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a111. 3M submission dated 6/25/01. Environmental monitoring -- Multi-city study water, sludge, sediment, POTW effluent and landfill leachate samples.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a156. 3M submission dated 6/20/01. Accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related fluorochemicals in fish tissues.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a157. 3M submission dated 6/20/01. Accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related fluorochemicals in mink and river otters.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a158. 3M submission dated 6/20/01. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and related fluorochemicals in oyster, Crassostrea virginica, from the Gulf of Mexico and Chesapeake Bay.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a159. 3M submission dated 6/20/01. Perfluorooctane sulfonate and related fluorochemicals in fish-eating water birds.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a160. 3M submission dated 6/20/01. Accumulation of perfluorooctane sulfonate in marine mammals.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1030a161. 3M submission dated 6/01/01. Selected fluorochemicals in the Decatur, Alabama area.

US EPA OPPT AR226-1106. 3M submission dated 5/10/02. Final report and robust summary PFOS: an acute toxicity study with the earthworm in an artificial soil substrate. Wildlife International, Ltd. Project No. 454-111.

Appendix 1. List of PFOS and its precursors identified through Section 71 CEPA 1999 industry survey, CATABOL modelling and expert judgement

Table 4. Summary of data used in risk quotient (Q) analysis of PFOS and its precursors

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