Reference method for PCDDs and PCDFs in pulp and paper mill effluents: figures
List of Figures
- Figure 1: Alumina Conditioning Column
- Figure 2: Extraction Schematic for Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents
- Figure 3: Cleanup and Analysis Schematic for PCDDs/PCDFs in Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents
- Figure 4: Cleanup Columns
- Figure 5: Acceptable Chromatographic Separation for 2,3,7,8-TCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF
- Figure 6: Peak Display for PFK m/z 304.9824 at 10 000 Resolution
- Figure 7: Noise Determination
- Figure 8.1: Effluent Sample Data Sheet - Part I
- Figure 8.2: Effluent Sample Data Sheet - Part II
- Figure 9: Sample Submission/Custody Sheet
- Figure 10: Method Performance Test Data Sheet
- Figure 11: Multi-point Calibration Data Sheet
- Figure 12: Calibration Verification Data Sheet
- Figure 13: GC/MS Detection Limits Verification Data Sheet
Figure 2
The picture shows the schematic for the extraction with the following steps/components:
- Effluent
- Surrogates SPIKE
- Suction Filtration
- Solids
- Air Dry
- Soxhlet Extraction; 20 hours with Toluene
- Liquids
- Liquid/Liquid Extraction with Dichloromethane
- Dry over Na2SO4
- Rotary Evaporation to 3 to 5 mL
- Rotary Evaporation to 1 to 2 mL
- Exchange to Hexane
- Dry Over Na2SO4
- Rotary Evaporation to 3 to 5 mL
- Ready for Cleanup
Figure 3
The picture shows the schematic for the cleanup and analysis with the following steps/components:
- Concentrated extract
- Acid/Base/Silver Nitrate/Silica Column
- Rotary Evaporation
- Basic Alumina Column
- Hexane Elution (Archive)
- 1.5 % CH2cl2 in Hexane Elution (Archive)
- 50 % CH2cl2 in Hexane Elution (PCDD/PCDF)
- Rotary Evaporation
- Exchange to Hexane
- Rotary Evaporation
- (Supplementary Cleanup such as:
- Repeat Alumina Column
- Carbon/Silica Column)
- Concentrate to Dryness under N2
- Prepare to Final Volume with Recovery Standard Solution
- GC/MS Analysis
Figure 4
The picture shows two columns: first column (on left side)
Figure 5
The figure shows two chromatograms: First chromatogram is acquired on a DB-5 column and it displays four peaks in elution order corresponding to following isomers: 1,2,3,4-TCDD at 28:11 min, 1,2,3,7-/1,2,3,8-TCDD at 28:17 min, 2,3,7,8-TCDD at 28:25 min and 1,2,3,9-TCDD at 28:37 min. None of the peaks are baseline resolved: The valley between first two peaks is ~ 65%, between second and third peak ~25% and between third and fourth peak ~20%. The ratio between second valley X and the third peak height Y is less than 0.25.Second chromatogram is acquired on a DB-225 column and displays three peak in elution order corresponding to following isomers: 2,3,4,7-TCDF at 19:59 min, 2,3,7,8-TCDF at 20:15 min and 1,2,3,9-TCDF at 20:34 min. These peaks are not baseline resolved. The valley between first and second peak is ~ 15% and between second and third peak ~ 10%. The ratio between first valley X and second peak height Y is less than 0.3.
Figure 6
The picture shows mass distribution for PFK m/z 304.9824 in the grid of 10, 25, 50 and 75% intensity in vertical direction and 200 ppm span in horizontal direction. The peak is centered at the m/z 304.98245.
Figure 7
The picture shows a sequence of the chromatogram and the way how the signal S to noise N for the peak is calculated. S is the peak height and N is estimated by zooming the baseline close to the peak (e.g. 10 times). Ratio S/N must be higher than 3.
Equation 1
Left side of the equation: RRFn (is equal to), Right side of the equation: Numerator: Ac multiplied by Csc, Denominator: Asc multiplied by Cc. All terms are explained in the text.
Equation 2
Left side of the equation: RRFs (is equal to), Right side of the equation: Numerator: Asc multiplied by Crc, Denominator: Arc multiplied by Csc. All terms are explained in the text.
Equation 3
Left side of the equation: C(X) (is equal to), Right side of the equation: Numerator: bracket opened, sum of Ak for k equal 1 to n, bracket closed, multiplied by Qss, Denominator: Ass multiplied by RRFn multiplied by V. All terms are explained in the text.
Equation 4
Left side of the equation: %R(X) (is equal to), Right side of the equation: Numerator: Ass multiplied by Qrs multiplied by 100, Denominator: Ars multiplied by Qss multiplied by RRFs. All terms are explained in the text.
Equation 5
Left side of the equation: MDL (is equal to), Right side of the equation: Numerator: 3 multiplied by N multiplied by A/H multiplied by Qss, Denominator: Ass multiplied by RRFn multiplied by V. All terms are explained in the text.
Page details
- Date modified: