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Ecological State of the Science Report on Decabromodiphenyl Ether (decaBDE)

Appendix B: Bioaccumulation, Biomagnification and Trophic Magnification Data

Species, Food Web or Predator: PreyEco-
system
Study TypeTissueLocationEndpointResultStatisticRefe-
rence
Notes
Pelagic food web (zooplankton, whitefish, white sucker, emerald shiner, goldeye, burbot, walleye)
(Calanoid sp., Coregonus clupeaformis, Catostomus commersoni, Notropis atherinoides, Hiodon alosoides, Lota lota, Stizostedion vitreum)
AquaticFieldWhole bodyLake Win-
nipeg
TMF (lipid norma-
lized)
3.6Regres-
sion slope
Law et al. 2006Statistically significant slope (P < .001)
Fish: fishAquaticFieldWhole bodyLake Win-
nipeg
BMFs (lipid norma-
lized)
0.1-6.8RangeLaw et al. 2006Generally superseded by TMF from the same system but still useful supporting info
Fish: invertebratesAquaticFieldWhole bodyLake Win-
nipeg
BMFs (lipid norma-
lized)
0.2-34RangeLaw et al. 2006Generally superseded by TMF from the same system but still useful supporting info
Pelagic food web (zooplankton, sprat, herring, salmon)
(Sprattus sprattus, Clupea harengus, Salmo salar)
AquaticFieldWhole bodyBaltic SeaTMF (lipid norma-
lized)
~0.6 (not signi-
ficantly different from 0)
Regres-
sion slope
Burreau et al. 2006Lowest trophic level (zooplankton) had much higher concen-
trations than fish; the feeding relation-
ships were not described
Pelagic food web (roach, perch, pike)
(Rutilus rutilus, Perca fluviatilis, Esox lucius)
AquaticFieldWhole bodyBaltic SeaTMF (lipid norma-
lized)
~0.80 (not signi-
ficantly different from 0)
Regres-
sion slope
Burreau et al. 2004Lowest trophic level (zooplankton) had much higher concen-
trations than fish; the feeding relation-
ships were not described
Fish: fishAquaticFieldWhole bodyBaltic SeaBMFs (lipid norma-
lized)
0.02-1.3RangeBurreau et al. 2004 
Fish: zooplanktonAquaticFieldWhole bodyBaltic SeaBMFs (lipid norma-
lized)
0.04-0.11RangeBurreau et al. 2006Unclear if fish feed on sampled zooplankton
Fish: fishAquaticFieldWhole bodyBaltic SeaBMFs (lipid norma-
lized)
1.71-5RangeBurreau et al. 2006 
Juvenile Lake trout
Salvelinus namaycush
AquaticLabWhole bodynaBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.3MeanTomy et al. 2004It is unlikely that steady state was reached during the experiment and the BMF was estimated using the kinetic method
Carp
Cyprinus carpio
AquaticLabWhole bodyn/aBCF (wet weight)< 3 000 MITI 1992Tissue MDL divided by water solubility, high uncertainty
Rainbow trout
Salvelinus namaycush
AquaticLabCarcassn/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.022RangeSta-
pleton et al. 2006
decaBDE only
Rainbow trout
Salvelinus namaycush
AquaticLabCarcassn/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.089MeanSta-
pleton et al. 2006
decaBDE + BDE metabolites
Rainbow trout Salvelinus namaycushAquaticLabSerumn/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.35MeanSta-
pleton et al. 2006
decaBDE only
Rainbow trout
Salvelinus namaycush
AquaticLabSerumn/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.52MeanSta-
pleton et al. 2006
decaBDE + BDE metabolites
Rainbow trout
Salvelinus namaycush
AquaticLabLivern/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
1.28MeanSta-
pleton et al. 2006
decaBDE only
Rainbow trout
Salvelinus namaycush
AquaticLabLivern/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
1.73MeanSta-
pleton et al. 2006
decaBDE + BDE metabolites
Polar cod:ice ampipod
Boreogadus saida: Gammarus wilkitzkii
MarineFieldWhole bodySvalbard, NorwayBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.03MeanSØrmo et al. 2005 
Grey seals
Halichoerus grypus
Marine mammalCaptiveBloodNorth SeaBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
8.3-20.8RangeThomas et al. 2005 
Grey seals
Halichoerus grypus
Marine mammalCaptiveBlubberNorth SeaBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.025-0.063RangeThomas et al. 2005Based on day 30 concentration
Grey seals
Halichoerus grypus
Marine mammalCaptiveBlubberNorth SeaBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.044-0.11RangeThomas et al. 2005Based on day 83 concen-
tration (unlikely to represent steady-state conditions)
Grizzly bear
Ursus arctos horribilis
Terres-
trial
FieldFat and muscleCoastal and interior British Colum-
bia
Bioaccu-
mulation slope
negative (not signi-
ficantly different from 0)
Regres-
sion slope
Chris-
tensen et al. 2005
A positive bioaccu-
mulation slope would provide evidence of biomagni-
fication or trophic magnification
Earthworm
Phylum annelida
Terres-
trial
LabWhole body Soil BSAF(lipid and OC norma-
lized)
0.044-0.73 (0.3)Range (mean)Sell-
strom et al. 2005
 
RatTerres-
trial
LabWhole bodyn/aBMF (wet weight)0.05MeanHuwe and Smith 2007a, b 
CowTerres-
trial
LabAdipose tissuen/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.037MeanKierke
gaard et al. 2007
Based on mean silage concentration
CowTerres-
trial
LabAdipose tissuen/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.31MeanKierke
gaard et al. 2007
Based on silage concen-
tration at end of experiment
CowTerres-
trial
LabWhole bodyn/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.026MeanKierke
gaard et al. 2007
Based on mean silage concen-
tration
CowTerres-
trial
LabWhole bodyn/aBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.21MeanKierke
gaard et al. 2007
Based on silage concen-
tration at end of experiment
Sunfish
Lepomis gibbosus
AquaticFieldWhole bodyMarlowe Ck., Roxboro, NCBSAF (lipid and OC norma-
lized)
0.0018MeanLa Guardia et al. 2007 
Crayfish
Campbarus punctic ambarus sp. C
AquaticFieldWhole bodyMarlowe Ck., Roxboro, NCBSAF (lipid and OC norma-
lized)
0.013MeanLa Guardia et al. 2007 
Various (see comments)AquaticFieldWhole bodyPearl River Delta, ChinaBSAF (lipid and OC norma-
lized)
0 - 0.4RangeXiang et al. 2007Large yellow croaker (omnivore), silvery pomfret (omnivore), flathead fish (benthivore), robust tonguefish (benthivore), Bombay duck (piscivore), jinga shrimp (benthic invertebrate), greasy-back shrimp (benthic invertebrate), mantis shrimp (benthic invertebrate)
Fish (see comments)AquaticFieldWhole bodyRiver Vero, SpainBSAF (lipid and OC norma-
lized)
0.0011 to 0.0013RangeEljarrat et al. 2007Barbell and carp
Aquatic oligochaeteAquaticLabWhole bodyn/aAccu-
mulation
Minimal Ciparis and Hale 2005 
Horse mussel
Modiolus modiolus
AquaticFieldWhole bodyVan-
couver Island, Canada
Sediment BSAF (lipid and organic carbon norma-
lized)
0-3.53RangeDeBruyn et al. 2009 
Marine mammal: fishMarineFieldBlubber and whole fishNorth Atlantic, coast of Maine, USABMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.67-1.3Range (ratio of predator tissue concen-
tration to prey tissue concen-
tration)
Shaw et al. 2009Harbour seal (blubber): American plaice (whole body); Harbour seal (blubber): Atlantic mackerel (whole body); Harbour seal (blubber): White hake (whole body)
Marine food web: beluga whale, narwhal, walrus, arctic cod, shrimp, clams, deepwater redfish, mixed zooplankton
Delphinapterus leucas, Monodon monoceros, Odobenus rosmarus, Boreogadus saida, Pandalus borealis, Hymenodara glacialis, Mya truncata, and Serripes groenlandica, Sebastes mentella)
MarineFieldBlubber and whole organismEastern Canadian ArcticTMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.3 (statis-
tically signi-
ficant negative slope)
Regres-
sion slope
Tomy et al. 2008Tissues sampled: blubber-- beluga whale, narwhal and walrus; whole organism-- arctic cod, shrimp, clams, deepwater redfish, and mixed zooplankton
Marine mammal: fishMarineFieldBlubber and whole organismEastern Canadian ArcticBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
<1Range (trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen-
tration to prey tissue concen-
tration)
Tomy et al. 2008Beluga (blubber): cod (whole body); Beluga (blubber): redfish (whole body)
Fish: invertebrateMarineFieldBlubber and whole organismEastern Canadian ArcticBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
<1Trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen-
tration to prey tissue concen-
tration
Tomy et al. 2008Cod (whole body): zooplankton (whole body)
Marine food web: beluga whale, ringed seal, arctic cod, Pacific herring, Arctic cisco, pelagic amphipod, and arctic copepod (Delphinapterus leucas, Phoca hispida, Boreogadus saida, Clupea pallasi, Coregonus autumnalis, Thermisto libelluala, Calanus hyperboreus)MarineFieldBlubber, liver, and whole organismWestern Canadian ArcticTMF (lipid norma-
lized)
Not statis-
tically signi-
ficant
Regres-
sion slope
Tomy et al. 2009Tissues sampled: blubber-- Beluga whale, ringed seal; liver-- arctic cod, Pacific herring, Arctic cisco; whole organism-- pelagic amphipod, and arctic copepod
Marine mammal: fishMarineFieldBlubber and liverWestern Canadian ArcticBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.3-0.9Range (trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen-
tration to prey tissue concen-
tration)
Tomy et al. 2009Beluga whale (blubber): cod (liver); ringed seal (blubber): herring (liver); Beluga whale (blubber): Arctic cisco (liver)
Fish: invertebrateMarineFieldLiver and whole bodyWestern Canadian ArcticBMF (lipid norma-
lized)
4.8-12.7Range (trophic level adjusted ratio of predator tissue concen-
tration to prey tissue concen-
tration)
Tomy et al. 2009cod (liver): calanus (whole body); cod (liver): thermisto (whole body)
Freshwater food web: water snake, northern snakehead, mud carp, common carp, crucian carp, prawn, and Chinese mysterysnail (Enhydris chinensis, Channa argus, Cirrhinus molitorella, Cyprins carpio, Carassius auratus, Macro-
brachium nipponense, Cipango-
paludina chinensi)
AquaticFieldWhole bodyReservoir near Qinyuan City, South ChinaTMF (lipid norma-
lized)
0.26 (negative slope, p=0.53)Regres-
sion slope
Wu et al. 2009Authors interpret result as statistically significant
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