Ecological State of the Science Report on Decabromodiphenyl Ether (decaBDE)

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Appendix A: Biota Concentration Data

Study Authors	Location	Date	Species	Tissue	Samp- ling N	Not Detec- ted	Concentration Data		Units	Statis- tic	De- tec- tion Limit
Study Authors	Location	Date	Species	Tissue	Samp- ling N	Not Detec- ted	Lipid Weight	Wet Weight	Units	Statis- tic	De- tec- tion Limit
*Birds of Prey*
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Common kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Muscle	6	21%	2150		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Common kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Liver	6	21%	2870		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Common kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Kidney	6	21%	483		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Muscle	11	21%	192		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Liver	11	21%	249		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Kidney	11	21%	83		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Japanese Sparrow- hawk Accipiter gularis	Muscle	6	21%	75		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Japanese Sparrow- hawk Accipiter gularis	Liver	6	21%	78		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Japanese Sparrow- hawk Accipiter gularis	Kidney	6	21%	33		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Little owl Athene noctua	Muscle	6	21%	150		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Little owl Athene noctua	Liver	6	21%	96		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Little owl Athene noctua	Kidney	6	21%	40		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Scops owl Otus sunia	Muscle	6	21%	537		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Scops owl Otus sunia	Liver	6	21%	174		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Scops owl Otus sunia	Kidney	6	21%	59		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Long-eared owl Asio otus	Muscle	6	21%	9.5		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Long-eared owl Asio otus	Liver	6	21%	107		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Long-eared owl Asio otus	Kidney	6	21%	23		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Upland buzzard Buteo hemilasius	Muscle	3	21%	21		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Upland buzzard Buteo hemilasius	Liver	3	21%	58		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Upland buzzard Buteo hemilasius	Kidney	3	21%	29		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Common buzzard Buteo buteo	Muscle	3	21%	26		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Common buzzard Buteo buteo	Liver	3	21%	71		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2007	China	2004-2006	Common buzzard Buteo buteo	Kidney	3	21%	93		ng/g	Mean
Chen et al. 2008	United States, NE	1996-2006	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	114	0		1.4-420 (26)	ng/g	Range (median in brackets)
de Boer et al. 2004	United Kingdom	Not given	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Liver	6	2 of 6	< 5.7-181	< 0.17-6.7	µg/kg	Range	0.08-9.8
de Boer et al. 2004	United Kingdom	Not given	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Muscle	5	None	53-344	1.8-9.5	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	United Kingdom	Not given	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Egg	6	4 of 6	< 1.8-108	< 0.08-7.5	µg/kg	Range	Lipid:
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Egg	20	9 of 20	< 4-412	< 0.3-21	µg/kg	Range	1.5-200
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Liver	4	All	< 82 - < 200	< 3.2 - < 9.8	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Muscle	5	None	13-275	0.26-2.2	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Egg	5	2 of 5	< 2.1-38	< 0.16-1.5	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Liver	5	3 of 5	< 5.8-120	< 0.26-5.5	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Muscle	5	4 of 5	< 4.2-10	< 0.11-0.29	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Barn owl Tyto alba	Liver	5	2 of 5	< 2.6-37	< 0.13-2.5	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Barn owl Tyto alba	Muscle	5	4 of 5	< 6.3-14	< 0.5-1.2	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Barn owl Tyto alba	Egg	4	1 of 4	< 20-30	< 2-1.7	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Montague's harrier Circus pygargus	Egg	4	1 of 4	< 2.1-28	< 0.12-1.3	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Marsh harrier Circus aeru- ginosus	Egg	2	All	< 2 - < 2.4	< 0.09	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Sea eagle	Egg	1	None	6.2	0.48	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Osprey Pandion haliaetus	Egg	3	All	< 4 - < 27	< 0.2 - < 1.5	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos	Egg	5	All	< 4.1	< 0.2	µg/kg	Range
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Merlin Falco colum- barius	Egg	2	1 of 2	< 43-4.3	< 3.8-0.3	µg/kg	Range
Herzke et al. 2005	Northern Norway	1993-2000	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Egg	9		Detec- ted		ng/g	Median
Herzke et al. 2005	Northern Norway	1992-2002	Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos	Egg	15		Detec- ted		ng/g	Median
Herzke et al. 2005	Northern Norway	1995-2000	Merlin Falco colum- barius	Egg	9		Detec- ted		ng/g	Median
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Barn owl Tyto alba	Liver	7	Some	59		ng/g	Median
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Barn owl Tyto alba	Muscle	7	Most	68		ng/g	Median
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	long-eared owl Asio otus	Liver	6	Most	66		ng/g	Median
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Long-eared owl Asio otus	Muscle	6	All	< 2.25		ng/g	De- tection limit
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Liver	16	All	< 2.25		ng/g	De- tection limit
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Muscle	16	All	< 2.25		ng/g	De- tection limit
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Liver	5	Some	52		ng/g	Median
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Muscle	5	All	< 2.25		ng/g	De- tection limit
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Liver	5	Most	85		ng/g	Median
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Kestrel Falco tinnun- culus	Muscle	5	All	< 2.25		ng/g	De- tection limit
Kunisue et al. 2008	Japan (Coastal)	1994	Steller’s sea-eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus	Muscle	1	1	<0.5		ng/g	De- tection limit
Kunisue et al. 2008	Japan (Inland)	1994-1995	Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos	Muscle	2	1	<0.5-10		ng/g	Range
Kunisue et al. 2008	Japan (Inland)	1997	Goshawk Accipiter gentilis	Muscle	1	0	120		ng/g
Lindberg et al. 2004	Captive Sweden	1988-1999	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	4	2	< 7-9 (8.1)		ng/g	Range (geometric mean in brackets)
Lindberg et al. 2004	Southern Sweden	1992-1999	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	8	1	< 20-430 (86)		ng/g	Range (geometric mean in brackets)
Lindberg et al. 2004	Northern Sweden		Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	8	0	28-190 (80)		ng/g	Range (geometric mean in brackets)
Lindberg et al. 2004	Northern Sweden	1991-1999	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	18		110		ng/g	Mean
Potter et al. 2009	United States, Maryland and Virginia	1993-2002	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	23	0		0.186-48.2 (6.35)	ng/g	Range (median in brackets)
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Brain	29	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Fat	16	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Liver	3	Most	19-190 (79)		ng/g	Range (mean)
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Muscle	29	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Buzzard Buteo buteo	Serum	20	Some	2-58 (15)		ng/g	Range (mean)
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Owls	Brain	8	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Owls	Fat	1	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Owls	Liver	8	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Owls	Muscle	8	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Owls	Serum	3	Most	9		ng/g	Mean
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Brain	7	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Fat	2	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Liver	7	Most	15-19		ng/g	Range
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Muscle	7	All			ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001-2003	Sparrow- hawk Accipiter nisus	Serum	2	None	16-36		ng/g	Range
Vorkamp et al. 2005	Greenland	1986-2003	Peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus	Eggs	37	0	3.8-250 (11)		ng/g	Range (median)
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Red kite Milvus milvus	Eggs	4	3 of 4	< 2.1-29.1	< 0.09-2.3	µg/kg
*Freshwater Fish and Invertebrates*
Hale et al. 2002	United States; mid-Atlantic region	2000	Bluegill Lepomis macro- chirus	Muscle					µg/kg
Hale et al. 2002	United States; mid-Atlantic region	2000	Bluegill Lepomis macro- chirus	Remain- der of body					µg/kg
Eljarrat et al. 2007	Spain	Nov. 2004, Nov. 2005	Carp Cyprinus carpio	Muscle	2	None	63.7-95.3		ng/g	Range	2-19 pg/g ww
			Barbel Barbus graellsii	Muscle	13	1 of 13	nd-707		ng/g	Range	2-19 pg/g ww
de Boer et al. 2003	The Nether- lands	1999	Freshwater mussels Dreissena polymorpha					< 4 - < 34	µg/kg
Dodder et al. 2002	North- eastern United States; Lake Superior	1994	Smelt Osmeru mordax	Whole body				< 1.5	µg/kg
Dodder et al. 2002	Lake Ontario	1994	Smelt Osmeru mordax	Whole body				< 1.6	µg/kg
Dodder et al. 2002	Lake of the Ozarks, MO	1999	White crappie; bluegill Lepomis macro- chirus	Whole body				< 1.4	µg/kg
Dodder et al. 2002	Hadley Lake, IN.	1999	White crappie, bluegill Pomoxis annularis; Lepomis macro- chirus	Whole body				< 1.4	µg/kg
Dodder et al. 2002	Hadley Lake, IN.	1999	White crappie, bluegill Pomoxis annularis; Lepomis macro- chirus	Muscle				< 1.4, < 1.3	µg/kg
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Bighead carp (farmed) Aris- tichthys nobilis	Skin	8			6.78 ± 6.47	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Bighead carp (farmed) Aristich- thys nobilis	Gills	8			1.18 ± 1.28	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Bighead carp (farmed) Aristich- thys nobilis	GIT	8			2.09 ± 3.11	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Bighead carp (farmed) Aristich- thys nobilis	Liver	8			0.85 ± 2.07	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Bighead carp (farmed) Aristich- thys nobilis	Muscle	8			0.48 ± 0.56	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Mandarin fish (farmed) Siniperca chuatsi	Skin	8			7.68 ± 5.46	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Mandarin fish (farmed) Siniperca chuatsi	Gills	8			1.34 ± 1.86	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Mandarin fish (farmed) Siniperca chuatsi	GIT	8			3.55 ± 4.60	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Mandarin fish (farmed) Siniperca chuatsi	Liver	8			1.57 ± 3.05	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Mandarin fish (farmed) Siniperca chuatsi	Muscle	8			0.22 ± 0.41	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Northern snakehead (farmed) Nemipterus virgatus	Skin	8			1.61 ± 2.09	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Northern snakehead (farmed) Nemipterus virgatus	Gills	8			2.22 ± 2.75	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Northern snakehead (farmed) Nemipterus virgatus	GIT	8			0.99 ± 2.80	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Northern snakehead (farmed) Nemipterus virgatus	Liver	8			0.22 ± 0.59	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Northern snakehead (farmed) Nemipterus virgatus	Muscle	8			ND	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Ismail et al. 2009	Lake Ontario	1979-2004	Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush	Whole body	29 (4 or 5 per year)	None	2.3 (±0.5)-12 (±5.3)	0.27 (± 0.30)-1.3 (± 0.8)	ng/g	Mean (± SE)	0.23 ng/g ww
Sell- ström et al. 1998	Sweden	1995	Pike Esox lucius	Muscle					µg/kg
Sell- ström et al. 1998	Sweden	1995	Pike Esox lucius	Muscle			not detec- ted - trace		µg/kg
Sell- ström et al. 1998	Sweden	1995	Pike Esox lucius	Muscle			not detec- ted - trace		µg/kg
Wang et al. 2007	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Lichen	Whole	1	None		1572	ng/g dw		1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	March brown Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri	Whole	1	None		11.37	ng/g dw		1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Coccid	Whole	1	None		114	ng/g dw		1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Zoo- plankton Monia recti- rostris, Monia micrura, Monia macrocopa	Whole	1	None		151.9	ng/g dw		1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Common carp Cyprinus carpio	Whole	4	75%		5	ng/g dw		1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Java tilapia Tilapia nilotica	Whole	3	100%		< 1	ng/g dw		1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Leather catfish Silurus meri- dionalis	Whole	4	Some		19.32	ng/g dw	Mean	1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Crusian carp Carassius auratus	Whole	5	Some		1.79	ng/g dw	Mean	1 ng/g dw
Wang et al. 2008	China	Sept.-Dec. 2006	Chinese softshell turtle Chinemys reevesii	Whole	3	Some		2.63	ng/g dw	Mean	1 ng/g dw
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Large yellow croaker Pseudo- siaena crocea	Muscle	13	Some	117.4		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Silvery pomfret Platy- cephalus argenteus	Muscle	10	Some	24.4		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Flathead fish Platy- cephalus indicus	Muscle	17	Some	0		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Robust tongue fish Cyno- glossus robustus	Muscle	8	Some	0		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Bombay duck Harpodon nehereus	Muscle	9	Some	0		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Jinga shrimp Meta- penaeus affinis	Soft tissue	10	Some	0		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Greasy-back shrimp Meta- penaeus crocea	Soft tissue	10	Some	30.0		ng/g	Median
Xiang et al. 2007	China	Apr.-Aug. 2004	Mantis shrimp Oratos- quilla oratoria	Soft tissue	9	Some	42.47		ng/g	Median
*Mammal - Herbivore*
Lichota et al. 2004	Van- couver Island, Canada	2001	Marmot Marmota vancou- verensis	Fat			0.5		µg/kg
Voor- spoels et al. 2007	Flanders, Belgium	2001	Wood mice Apodemus sylvaticus	Liver and muscle	12	All	< 17		ng/g
Voor- spoels et al. 2007	Flanders, Belgium	2001	Bank voles Cleth- rionomys glareolus	Liver and muscle	12	All	< 17		ng/g
*Mammal - Predator*
Marius- sen et al. 2004	Norway	1995	Moose Alces alces	Liver	Not repor- ted		0.8		ng/g	Mean
Chris- tensen et al. 2005	Coastal British Columbia	2003	Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis	Fat or muscle	6	Not repor- ted	~ 0.1-2.77		µg/kg	Range (from graph)
Chris- tensen et al. 2005	Interior British Columbia	2003	Grizzly bear Ursus arctos horribilis	Fat or muscle	6	Not repor- ted	~0.5-41.71		µg/kg	Range (from graph)
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Polar bear Ursus maritimus	Blubber	4	0	0.03-0.16 (.09)		ng/g	Range (mean)
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Polar bear Ursus maritimus	Blubber	4	0		0.075-0.04 (0.0225)	ng/g	Range (mean)
Marius- sen et al. 2004	Norway	1993-1994	Lynx Lynx lynx	Liver	7		0.1		ng/g	Mean
Muir et al. 2006	Svalbard		Polar bear Ursus maritimus	Adipose	15		< 1		ng/g	Mean
Muir et al. 2006	Svalbard		Polar bear Ursus maritimus	Adipose	44		< 1		ng/g	Mean
Skaare 2004	Svalbard	2001-2003	Polar bear Ursus maritimus	Adipose			1		ng/g	Mean
Verrault et al. 2005	Svalbard, Norway	2002	Polar bear (female) Ursus maritimus	Plasma	15	93%		< 0.06 -0.1	ng/g	Range
Voor- spoels et al. 2006a	Belgium	2003-2004	Red fox Vulpes vulpes	Liver	30	60%	< 9.1-760		ng/g	Range
Voor- spoels et al. 2006a	Belgium	2003-2004	Red fox Vulpes vulpes	Muscle	33	79%	< 3.9-290		ng/g	Range
Voor- spoels et al. 2006a	Belgium	2003-2004	Red fox Vulpes vulpes	Adipose	27	85%	< 3.7-200		ng/g	Range
*Marine Fish*
Akutsu et al. 2001	Inland Sea of Seto, Japan	1998	Conger eel				< 0.2-0.53	< 0.020-0.029	µg/kg
Akutsu et al. 2001	Inland Sea of Seto, Japan	1998	Flounder Para- lichthys olivaceus				1.9-3.2	0.015-0.022	µg/kg
Akutsu et al. 2001	Inland Sea of Seto, Japan	1998	Gray mullet Mugil cephalus				< 0.2-0.25	< 0.010-0.013	µg/kg
Akutsu et al. 2001	Inland Sea of Seto, Japan	1998	Horse mackerel				< 0.2-1.4	< 0.030-0.047	µg/kg
Akutsu et al. 2001	Inland Sea of Seto, Japan	1998	Red sea bream Pagrus major				< 0.2-0.74	< 0.010-0.020	µg/kg
Akutsu et al. 2001	Inland Sea of Seto, Japan	1998	Sea bass Lateolabrax japonicus				0.40-0.81	0.0087-0.017	µg/kg
Burreau et al. 2004	Lumparn Estuary	Not Given	Roach Rutilus rutilus	Muscle	8	5	48		ng/g	median
Burreau et al. 2004	Lumparn Estuary	Not Given	Perch Perca fluviatilis	Muscle	33	21	1.3		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2004	Lumparn Estuary	Not Given	Pike Esox lucius	Muscle	25	21	1.7		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2006	Baltic Sea	1998	Sprat Sprattus sprattus	Muscle	6	3	0.082		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2006	Baltic Sea	1998	Herring Clupea harengus	Muscle	5	1	0.24		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2006	Baltic Sea	1998	Salmon Salmo salar	Muscle	10	7	0.41		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2006	North Atlantic Ocean	1999	Small herring Clupea harengus	Muscle	6	0	0.31		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2006	North Atlantic Ocean	1999	Large herring Clupea harengus	Muscle	6	3	0.039		ng/g	Median
Burreau et al. 2006	North Atlantic Ocean	1999	Atlantic salmon Salmo salar	Muscle	10	0			ng/g	Median
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	Mackerel Scomber scombrus	Muscle				< 2	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Herring Clupea harengus	Liver			< 4.6 - < 11	< 0.300 - < 0.520	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Herring Clupea harengus	Filet			< 1.4 - < 2.6	< 0.160 - < 0.250	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Herring Clupea harengus	Milt and eggs			< 1.9 - < 5.0	< 0.130 - < 0.200	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Cod	Liver			< 0.22 - < 53	< 0.110-0.380	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Cod	Fillet			< 8.1 - < 40	< 0.049 - < 0.170	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Whiting Merlangius merlangius	Liver			< 0.4 - < 1.2	< 0.280 - < 0.610	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Whiting Merlangius merlangius	Fillet			< 6.5 - < 13	< 0.042 - < 0.078	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Sprat Sprattus sprattus	Whole body			< 10	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Whiting Merlangius merlangius	Whole body			< 33	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Whiting Merlangius merlangius	Muscle			< 33 - < 100	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Whiting Merlangius merlangius	Liver			< 1.56	-	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Flounder Para- lichthys olivaceus	Liver			< 2.7	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Western Scheldt, The Nether lands	1999	Greater sandeel Hyperoplus lanceolatus				< 18 - < 22	< 0.2	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2003	The Nether- lands	1999	Flounder Para- lichthys olivaceus					< 0.2-< 6	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2003	The Nether- lands	1999	Bream					< 0.03-< 21	µg/kg
Fjeld et al. 2004	Svolvaer, Lofoten, Norway	2002	Atlantic cod Gadus morhua	Liver	21		0.99		ng/g	Mean
Fjeld et al. 2004	Varanger- fjorden, Norway	1998, 2002	Atlantic cod Gadus morhua	Liver	21		0.98		ng/g	Mean
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Crimson snapper (farmed) Lutjanus erythrop- terus	Skin	8			1.47 ± 2.72	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Crimson snapper (farmed) Lutjanus erythrop- terus	Gills	8			0.30 ± 0.55	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Crimson snapper (farmed) Lutjanus erythrop- terus	GIT	8			1.06 ± 2.99	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Crimson snapper (farmed) Lutjanus erythrop- terus	Liver	8			0.59 ± 1.25	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Crimson snapper (farmed) Lutjanus erythrop- terus	Muscle	8			0.048 ± 0.14	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Golden thread Nemipterus virgatus	Skin	8			15.54 ± 24.81	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Golden thread Nemipterus virgatus	Gills	8			2.69 ± 5.47	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Golden thread Nemipterus virgatus	GIT	8			ND	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Golden thread Nemipterus virgatus	Liver	8			0.31 ± 0.83	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Guo et al. 2009	Pearl River Delta, S. China		Golden thread Nemipterus virgatus	Muscle	8			0.089 ± 0.25	ng/g dw	Mean (± SD)	10 ng/g dw
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Polar cod Boreogadus saida	Whole body	7	0	0.05-0.42 (0.2)		ng/g	Range (mean)
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Polar cod Boreogadus saida	Whole body	7	0		0.006-0.05 (0.024)	ng/g	Range (mean)
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Silver perch Bairdiella chrysoura	Muscle	6	All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Striped mullet Mugil cephalus	Muscle	6	All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Spotted seatrout Cynoscion nebulosus	Muscle	7	All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Red drum Sciaenops ocellatus	Muscle	11	All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Hardhead catfish Arius felis	Muscle	8		4.5		ng/g	Mean
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Atlantic stingray Dasyatis Sabina	Muscle	7		0.1		ng/g	Mean
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias	Muscle	5		16.9		ng/g	Mean
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2004	Atlantic sharpnose shark Rhizo- prionodon terrae- novae	Muscle	5		514.3		ng/g	Mean
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	1993-1994	Bull shark Carcha- rhinus leucas	Muscle	6		39		ng/g	Mean
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	2002-2004	Bull shark Carcha- rhinus leucas	Muscle	7		778		ng/g	Mean
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Mullet Mugilidae		4				µg/kg
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Goby		2				µg/kg
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Sardine		2				µg/kg
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Sea bass		1				µg/kg
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Horse mackerel		1				µg/kg
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Mackerel Scomber scombrus		1				µg/kg
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Hairtail		1				µg/kg
*Marine Invertebrates*
Burreau et al. 2006	Baltic Sea	1999	Zoo- plankton Calanoid sp.	Muscle	3	None	2.1		ng/g	Median
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Starfish Asteroidea	Pyloric caeca			< 2.0-8.9	< 0.150-0.310	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Hermit crab	Abdo- men			< 1.1-7.0	< 0.1600-0.470	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Male whelk Haustellum brandaris	Whole body			< 1.9 - < 14	< 0.052 - < 0.190	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Shrimp	Whole body			< 2.4 - < 5.6	< 0.073 - < 0.081	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Shrimp	Whole body			< 100	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Polychaete worm	Whole body			< 50	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Starfish	Whole body and tenta- cle			< 9	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Western Scheldt, The Nether- lands	1999	Mysid shrimp				< 20 93	< 0.2-0.98	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Western Scheldt, The Nether- lands	1999	Copepod				< 37	< 0.3	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Western Scheldt, The Nether- lands	1999	Gudgeon				< 6.0 - < 17	< 0.1 - < 0.4	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2003	The Nether- lands	1999	Marine mussels					< 4-< 5	µg/kg
Fjeld et al. 2004	Svolvaer, Lofoten, Norway	2002	Blue mussels Mytilus edullis	Muscle	20		33		ng/g	Mean
Fjeld et al. 2004	Varanger- fjorden, Norway	2002	Blue mussels Mytilus edullis	Muscle	50		3.6		ng/g	Mean
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii	Whole body	1 (com- posite of 5)	0	7.22		ng/g	Mean
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Ice amphipod Gammarus wilkitzkii	Whole body	1 (com- posite of 5)	0		0.28	ng/g	Mean
Watanabe et al. 1987	Japan	1981-1985	Mussels Lampsilis radiata		5	4 of 5		1.4	µg/kg		0.5
*Marine Mammals*
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	Minke whale Balae- noptera acuto- rostrata	Blubber				< 1	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	Sperm whale Physeter catodon	Blubber				< 3 - < 6	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	Sperm whale Physeter catodon	Liver				< 3	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	White-beaked dolphin Lageno- rhynchus albi- rostris	Blubber				< 10	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	White-beaked dolphin Lageno- rhynchus albi- rostris	Liver				< 1	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	Harbour seal	Blubber				< 10 - < 15	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 1998	Dutch Coast	1995	Harbour seal	Liver				< 1 - < 2	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Harbour porpoise	Liver			1.2 - < 7.4	-	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Harbour porpoise	Blubber			< 2.7 - 26	-	µg/kg µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Harbour seal	Liver	9		< 6.5-160		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Harbour seal	Blubber			< 1.8-16		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	White-beaked dolphin	Blubber			< 3.8		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	White-beaked dolphin	Kidney			< 8.2		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	White-beaked dolphin	Heart			< 4.9		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	White-beaked dolphin	Lungs			35		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	White-beaked dolphin	Brain			< 0.8		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	White-beaked dolphin	Liver			140-318		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Bottlenose dolphin	Blubber			< 2.5		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Bottlenose dolphin	Liver			< 6.4		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Bottlenose dolphin	Kidney			< 3.0		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	North Sea	1999	Bottlenose dolphin	Muscle			< 7.7		µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Porpoise	Blubber			< 8.7 - < 9	< 7.5	µg/kg
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Ringed seal Phoca hispida	Blubber	6	5	0.02		ng/g	Only de- tected concen- tration
Sørmo et al. 2006	Svalbard	2003	Ringed seal Phoca hispida	Blubber	6	5		0.006	ng/g	Only de- tected concen- tration
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Western coast of Florida	1991-1996	Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus	Blubber			0		ng/g	Mean
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Western coast of Florida	2000-2001	Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus	Blubber		All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Eastern coast of Florida	2001-2004	Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus	Blubber		All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Johnson-Restropo 2005	Coastal Florida	??	Striped dolphin Stenella coeru- leoalba	Blubber		All	< 0.022		ng/g	MDL
Shaw et al. 2007 (BFR)	NW Atlantic coast (Maine to Long Island)	1991 - 2005	Harbour seal Phoca vitulina	Blubber	4	2 of 4	nd - 7.4		ng/g	Range
*Marine/Aquatic Birds*
de Boer et al. 2001	Tees Estuary, UK	1999	Cormorant Corvus marinus	Liver			< 17 - < 25	< 0.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Western Scheldt, The Nether- lands	1999	Common tern Sterna hirundo	Eggs			< 5.6-70	< 0.46-7.1	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2001	Western Scheldt, The Nether- lands	1999	Common tern Sterna hirundo	Eggs			4.4-27	0.45-2.9	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus	Liver	4	3 of 4	< 1.5-9.1	< 0.11-0.52	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Great crested grebe Podiceps cristatus	Muscle	3	2 of 3	< 8.1-31	< 0.4-1.2	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Heron	Liver	4	All	< 2.3 - < 5.7	< 0.08 - < 0.25	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Heron	Muscle	5	4 of 5	< 6.3-563	< 0.32-4.5	µg/kg
de Boer et al. 2004	Sweden	Not given	Gannett Morus bassanus	Eggs	12	All	< 4 - < 57	< 0.2 - < 2.2	µg/kg
Gauthier et al. 2008	Canada	1982, 1987, 1992, 1995-2006, April -May	Herring gull Larus argentatus	Eggs	10-13 eggs/ site/ year pooled homo- genates	Not repor- ted		4.5-20	ng/g	Range
Jaspers et al. 2006	Belgium	2003-2004	Aquatic birds (heron/ grebe)	Multi- ple	12	All	<2.25		ng/g
Kunisue et al. 2008	Open sea (Asia)	1998-1999	Black-footed albatross Diomedea nigripes	Muscle	5	All	<0.5		ng/g	De- tection limit
Kunisue et al. 2008	Open sea (Asia)	1998	Laysan albatross Diomedea immu- tabilis	Muscle	5	All	<0.5		ng/g	De- tection limit
Kunisue et al. 2008	Open sea (Asia)	1999	Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis	Muscle	5	0	<0.5-4.8 (1.9)		ng/g	Range (mean in brackets)
Kunisue et al. 2008	Japan (Coastal)	1999-2001	Black-tailed gull Larus crass- irostris	Muscle	5	All	<0.5		ng/g	De- tection limit
Lam et al. 2007	China - Hong Kong	March - May 2004	Little egret Egretta garzetta	Eggs	5	Not repor ted	2.6 ±1.6 (< 0.5-3.8)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al. 2007	China - Hong Kong	March-May 2004	Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax	Eggs	5	Not repor- ted	14 ±25 (0.62-59)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al. 2007	China - Xiamen	March-May 2004	Little egret Egretta garzetta	Eggs	5	Not repor- ted	0.89 ±0.64 (0.42-2.0)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al. 2007	China - Xiamen	March-May 2004	Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax	Eggs	5	Not repor- ted	1.8 ±2.2 (< 0.5-5.2)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al. 2007	China - Xiamen	March-May 2004	Chinese pond heron Ardeola bacchus	Eggs	5	Not repor- ted	99 ± 130 (3.1-290)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al. 2007	China - Xiamen	March-May 2004	Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis	Eggs	5	Not repor- ted	28 ± 36 (< 0.5-75)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al. 2007	Quanzhou	March-May 2004	Little egret Egretta garzetta	Eggs	5	Not repor- ted	1.6 ± 0.55 (0.88-2.3)		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Lam et al 2007	Quanzhou	March-May 2004	Black-crowned night heron Nycticorax nycticorax	Eggs	5	5	< 0.5		ng/g	Mean ±standard deviation (range)	0.5
Verrault et al. 2005	Svalbard, Norway	2004	Glaucous gull (male) Larus hyper- boreus	Plasma	12	50%		< 0.05-0.21	ng/g	Range
Verrault et al. 2005	Svalbard, Norway	2004	Glaucous gull (female) Larus hyper- boreus	Plasma	15	64%		< 0.05-0.33	ng/g	Range
Ver- reault et al. 2004	Bjoroya, Norway	2002-2004	Glaucous gull Larus hyper- boreus	Plasma	89		410		ng/g	Mean
Ver- reault et al. 2004	Bjoroya, Norway	2002-2004	Glaucous gull Larus hyper- boreus	Eggs	4 pools		23-53		ng/g	Range
Ver- reault et al. 2004	Svalbard		Glaucous gull Larus hyper- boreus	Liver	20		nd-170		ng/g	Range
*Other Birds*
Kunisue et al. 2008	Japan (Inland)	2001	Common cormorant Phala- crocorax carbo	Muscle	4	0	< 0.5-3.5 (1.4)		ng/g	Range (mean in brackets)
Kunisue et al. 2008	Japan (Inland)	1998	Jungle crow Corvus macro- rhynchos	Muscle	5	0	36-1800 (440)		ng/g	Range (mean in brackets)
Marius- sen et al. 2004	Norway	1990-1993	Grouse	Liver			0.5		ng/g	Mean
Voor- spoels et al. 2006b	Belgium	2001, 2003	Passerines	Liver and muscle	25	All	< 17		ng/g
*Vegetation*
Schla- bach et al. 2002	Skogan- varre, Norway	2002	Moss	n/a	1			0.025	ng/g	Mean
Schla- bach et al. 2002	Valvik, Norway	2002	Moss	n/a	1			0.12	ng/g	Mean

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Ecological State of the Science Report on Decabromodiphenyl Ether (decaBDE)

Appendix A: Biota Concentration Data