Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators and Degrees of Damage

Junior and Senior High Schools (JHSH)

Typical Construction:

Generally large one or two-storey buildings with flat roofs; may contain gymnasiums, cafeteria and auditorium with large structural spans; may have a basement
Classroom wings have interior hallways with bearing or non-bearing interior walls
BUR or single-ply membrane roof covering with or without gravel; structural system may consist of an all steel structure or an all reinforced concrete structure or a combination of both
Roof structure may be light steel construction with open web joists supported on steel beams; corrugated metal roof deck with rigid insulation or poured gypsum deck
Exterior walls constructed of concrete or clay blocks with brick veneer, stucco or EIFS; metal and glass curtain walls; walls may have more than 30% windows

Table 16. Degree of Damage (DOD) for Expected (EXP), Lower Bound (LB) and Upper Bound (UB)
DOD	Damage Description	EXP*	LB*	UB*
1	Threshold of visible damage	109	89	134
2	Loss of roof covering (less than 20%)	127	106	159
3	Broken windows	140	114	171
4	Exterior door failures	163	134	195
5	Uplift of metal roof decking; significant loss of roofing material (20% or more); loss of rooftop HVAC	163	137	192
6	Damage to or loss of wall cladding	174	148	204
7	Collapse of tall masonry walls at gym, cafeteria or auditorium	183	151	219
8	Uplift or collapse of light steel roof structure	201	174	238
9	Collapse of exterior walls in top floor	224	195	246
10	Most interior walls of top floor collapsed	254	214	299
11	Complete destruction of all or a large section of building	309	262	360

*All wind speeds in km/h

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