Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators and Degrees of Damage
Low-Rise Buildings: 1-4 Storeys (LRB)
Typical Construction:
- Generally consist of rectangular modules but can be “odd shaped” in plan
- Most will have flat roofs but can have gable, hip or mansard shapes
- Roofing materials include BUR, single-ply membrane, metal panels or standing seam
- Roof deck is wood or metal deck, poured gypsum deck or concrete slab
- Steel or reinforced concrete structural frame
- Glass and metal curtain walls, metal studs with EIFS, non-bearing masonry walls with stucco or brick veneer
- Examples are office buildings, medical facilities, and bank buildings
Notes:
- With hip roof, use upper bound wind speed for DOD3 and DOD5
DOD | Damage Description | EXP* | LB* | UB* |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Threshold of visible damage | 109 | 89 | 134 |
2 | Loss of roof covering (less than 20%) | 129 | 108 | 166 |
3 | Uplift of metal roof decking at eaves and roof corners: significant loss of roofing material (20% or more) | 163 | 134 | 193 |
4 | Broken glass in windows, entryways or atriums | 163 | 134 | 196 |
5 | Uplift of lightweight roof structure | 214 | 183 | 253 |
6 | Significant damage to exterior walls and some interior walls | 230 | 196 | 269 |
7 | Complete destruction of all or a large section of building | 303 | 259 | 356 |
*All wind speeds in km/h
- Small Barns or Farm Outbuildings (SBO)
- One- or Two- Family Residences: 100-500m2 (FR12)
- Manufactured Homes: Singe Wide (MHSW)
- Manufactured Homes: Double Wide (MHDW)
- Apartments, Condominiums and Townhouses: 3 Storeys or less (ACT)
- Motels (M)
- Masonry Apartments or Motels (MAM)
- Small Retail Buildings (SRB)
- Small Professional Buildings: Single Storey, less than 500 m2 (SPB)
- Strip Malls (SM)
- Large Shopping Malls (LSM)
- Large Isolated Retail Buildings (LIRB)
- Automobile Showrooms (ASR)
- Automobile Service Buildings (ASB)
- Elementary Schools (ES)
- Junior and Senior High Schools (JHSH)
- Low-Rise Buildings: 1-4 Storeys (LRB)
- Mid-Rise Buildings: 5-20 Storeys (MRB)
- High-Rise Buildings: Greater than 20 Storeys (HRB)
- Institutional Buildings (IB)
- Metal Building Systems (MBS)
- Service Station Canopies (SSC)
- Warehouse Buildings (WHB)
- Free-Standing Towers (FST)
- Free-Standing Light Poles, Luminary Poles, Flag Poles (FSP)
- C-1 Electrical Transmission Lines (C-ETL)
- C-2 Trees (C-T)
- C-3 Heritage Churches (C-HC)
- C-4 Solid Masonry Houses (C-SMH)
- C-5 Farm Silos or Grain Bins (C-FSGB)
- C-6 Sheds, Fences or Lawn Furniture (C-SFLF)
- Glossary
- EF-Scale Canada
- Acknowledgments
- Date Modified: