Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators and Degrees of Damage

Metal Building Systems (MBS)

Typical Construction:

  • Examples are warehouses, industrial facilities, small arenas
  • Metal panel walls and standing seam roof
  • Nearly always have a gable roof and relatively tall walls
  • Large overhead doors
  • Large-span single bay rigid frames
  • Z- or C-shaped purlins and girts span between rigid frames
  • Lateral loads resisted by cross-bracing
Table 21. Degree of Damage (DOD) for Expected (EXP), Lower Bound (LB) and Upper Bound (UB)
DODDamage DescriptionEXP*LB*UB*
1Threshold of visible damage10887134
2Inward or outward collapse of overhead doors143121174
3Metal roof or wall panels pulled from the building153126193
4Column anchorage failed188154217
5Buckling of roof purlins190153222
6Failure of cross-braces in the lateral load resisting system222190254
7Progressive collapse of rigid frames230193270
8Total destruction of building249212286

*All wind speeds in km/h

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