Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators and Degrees of Damage
C-5 Farm Silos or Grain Bins (C-FSGB)
Typical Construction:
Farm silos
- Cylindrical structures typically 4 - 10 m in diameter and 20 - 50 m in height
- Construction is wood staves, concrete staves, cast concrete, poured concrete or steel panels
Grain bins
- Cylindrical structures typically 5 - 20 m in diameter and 5 - 30 m in height
- Construction is galvanized steel panels and purlins
DOD | Damage Description | EXP* | LB* | UB* |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Empty unanchored grain bin toppled; anchored grain bin damaged; silo cap damaged | 90 | 70 | 110 |
2 | Empty unanchored grain bin rolled or carried through air less than 10 m; anchored grain bin toppled; silo cap removed | 135 | 110 | 160 |
3 | Anchored grain bin rolled or carried less than 10 m; empty portions of stave concrete silos destroyed | 180 | 150 | 210 |
4 | Grain bin carried 10 - 100 m or more; stave concrete silo destroyed | 225 | 190 | 260 |
*All wind speeds in km/h
- Small Barns or Farm Outbuildings (SBO)
- One- or Two- Family Residences: 100-500m2 (FR12)
- Manufactured Homes: Singe Wide (MHSW)
- Manufactured Homes: Double Wide (MHDW)
- Apartments, Condominiums and Townhouses: 3 Storeys or less (ACT)
- Motels (M)
- Masonry Apartments or Motels (MAM)
- Small Retail Buildings (SRB)
- Small Professional Buildings: Single Storey, less than 500 m2 (SPB)
- Strip Malls (SM)
- Large Shopping Malls (LSM)
- Large Isolated Retail Buildings (LIRB)
- Automobile Showrooms (ASR)
- Automobile Service Buildings (ASB)
- Elementary Schools (ES)
- Junior and Senior High Schools (JHSH)
- Low-Rise Buildings: 1-4 Storeys (LRB)
- Mid-Rise Buildings: 5-20 Storeys (MRB)
- High-Rise Buildings: Greater than 20 Storeys (HRB)
- Institutional Buildings (IB)
- Metal Building Systems (MBS)
- Service Station Canopies (SSC)
- Warehouse Buildings (WHB)
- Free-Standing Towers (FST)
- Free-Standing Light Poles, Luminary Poles, Flag Poles (FSP)
- C-1 Electrical Transmission Lines (C-ETL)
- C-2 Trees (C-T)
- C-3 Heritage Churches (C-HC)
- C-4 Solid Masonry Houses (C-SMH)
- C-5 Farm Silos or Grain Bins (C-FSGB)
- C-6 Sheds, Fences or Lawn Furniture (C-SFLF)
- Glossary
- EF-Scale Canada
- Acknowledgments
- Date Modified: