Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators and Degrees of Damage
Manufactured Homes: Double Wide (MHDW)
Typical Construction:
- Steel undercarriage supported on concrete block piers
- Multi-unit connection at roof, floor and end walls
- Frame straps and ground anchors spaced 3 - 4 metres apart
- Flat, gable or hip roof shape; asphalt shingles or metal roof panels; plywood/OSB roof decking; wood rafter or shallow joist construction; metal, vinyl or wood siding
| DOD | Damage Description | EXP | LB | UB |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Threshold of visible damage | 98 | 82 | 122 |
| 2 | Loss of shingles or other roof covering (less than 20%) | 122 | 100 | 142 |
| 3 | Damaged porches or carports | 126 | 108 | 154 |
| 4 | Broken windows | 134 | 109 | 153 |
| 5 | Uplift of roof deck and loss of significant roof covering material (20% or more) | 142 | 121 | 174 |
| 6 | Complete uplift of roof; most walls remain standing | 150 | 124 | 177 |
| 7 | Unit slides off CMU block piers | 151 | 126 | 175 |
| 8 | Removal of entire roof structure leaving most walls standing | 156 | 129 | 188 |
| 9 | Complete destruction of roof and walls leaving undercarriage in place | 182 | 150 | 211 |
| 10 | Unit rolls, displaces or vaults | 183 | 132 | 209 |
| 11 | Undercarriage separates from floor, rolls and tumbles, badly bent | 204 | 175 | 238 |
| 12 | Complete destruction of unit; debris blows away | 216 | 192 | 248 |
*All wind speeds in km/h
- Small Barns or Farm Outbuildings (SBO)
- One- or Two- Family Residences: 100-500m2 (FR12)
- Manufactured Homes: Singe Wide (MHSW)
- Manufactured Homes: Double Wide (MHDW)
- Apartments, Condominiums and Townhouses: 3 Storeys or less (ACT)
- Motels (M)
- Masonry Apartments or Motels (MAM)
- Small Retail Buildings (SRB)
- Small Professional Buildings: Single Storey, less than 500 m2 (SPB)
- Strip Malls (SM)
- Large Shopping Malls (LSM)
- Large Isolated Retail Buildings (LIRB)
- Automobile Showrooms (ASR)
- Automobile Service Buildings (ASB)
- Elementary Schools (ES)
- Junior and Senior High Schools (JHSH)
- Low-Rise Buildings: 1-4 Storeys (LRB)
- Mid-Rise Buildings: 5-20 Storeys (MRB)
- High-Rise Buildings: Greater than 20 Storeys (HRB)
- Institutional Buildings (IB)
- Metal Building Systems (MBS)
- Service Station Canopies (SSC)
- Warehouse Buildings (WHB)
- Free-Standing Towers (FST)
- Free-Standing Light Poles, Luminary Poles, Flag Poles (FSP)
- C-1 Electrical Transmission Lines (C-ETL)
- C-2 Trees (C-T)
- C-3 Heritage Churches (C-HC)
- C-4 Solid Masonry Houses (C-SMH)
- C-5 Farm Silos or Grain Bins (C-FSGB)
- C-6 Sheds, Fences or Lawn Furniture (C-SFLF)
- Glossary
- EF-Scale Canada
- Acknowledgments
- Date Modified: