Enhanced Fujita Scale Damage Indicators and Degrees of Damage
Small Professional Buildings: Single Storey, less than 500 m2 (SPB)
Typical Construction:
- Flat, gable, hip, mansard or mono-slope roofs with or without parapet walls
- Asphalt shingles, tile, slate, metal panels, single-ply or built-up roof covering
- Light-frame steel construction, steel joists and formed metal decking
- Load-bearing masonry construction with steel or wood roof structure
- Timber post and beam construction
- Wood or metal stud walls, non-bearing masonry walls
- Metal or vinyl panels, stucco or EIFS cladding
- Skylights and/or clearstories
Notes:
- With hip roof, use upper bound wind speed for degree of damage 5 and degree of damage 7
DOD | Damage Description | EXP* | LB* | UB* |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Threshold of visible damage | 105 | 87 | 130 |
2 | Loss of roof covering (less than 20%) | 126 | 105 | 158 |
3 | Broken windows, including clear story windows or skylights | 143 | 119 | 172 |
4 | Exterior doors fail | 161 | 132 | 190 |
5 | Uplift of roof decking; significant loss of roof covering (20% or more); loss of rooftop HVAC equipment | 161 | 135 | 188 |
6 | Collapsed façade or parapet walls | 166 | 137 | 198 |
7 | Uplift or collapse of entire roof structure | 200 | 169 | 233 |
8 | Collapse of exterior walls; closely spaced interior walls remain standing | 232 | 198 | 266 |
9 | Total destruction of entire building | 253 | 238 | 322 |
*All wind speeds in km/h
- Small Barns or Farm Outbuildings (SBO)
- One- or Two- Family Residences: 100-500m2 (FR12)
- Manufactured Homes: Singe Wide (MHSW)
- Manufactured Homes: Double Wide (MHDW)
- Apartments, Condominiums and Townhouses: 3 Storeys or less (ACT)
- Motels (M)
- Masonry Apartments or Motels (MAM)
- Small Retail Buildings (SRB)
- Small Professional Buildings: Single Storey, less than 500 m2 (SPB)
- Strip Malls (SM)
- Large Shopping Malls (LSM)
- Large Isolated Retail Buildings (LIRB)
- Automobile Showrooms (ASR)
- Automobile Service Buildings (ASB)
- Elementary Schools (ES)
- Junior and Senior High Schools (JHSH)
- Low-Rise Buildings: 1-4 Storeys (LRB)
- Mid-Rise Buildings: 5-20 Storeys (MRB)
- High-Rise Buildings: Greater than 20 Storeys (HRB)
- Institutional Buildings (IB)
- Metal Building Systems (MBS)
- Service Station Canopies (SSC)
- Warehouse Buildings (WHB)
- Free-Standing Towers (FST)
- Free-Standing Light Poles, Luminary Poles, Flag Poles (FSP)
- C-1 Electrical Transmission Lines (C-ETL)
- C-2 Trees (C-T)
- C-3 Heritage Churches (C-HC)
- C-4 Solid Masonry Houses (C-SMH)
- C-5 Farm Silos or Grain Bins (C-FSGB)
- C-6 Sheds, Fences or Lawn Furniture (C-SFLF)
- Glossary
- EF-Scale Canada
- Acknowledgments
- Date Modified: